Comentário sobre Chalá 4:9
וְאֵלּוּ נִתָּנִין לְכָל כֹּהֵן, הַחֲרָמִים, וְהַבְּכוֹרוֹת, וּפִדְיוֹן הַבֵּן, וּפִדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר, וְהַזְּרוֹעַ, וְהַלְּחָיַיִם, וְהַקֵּבָה, וְרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז, וְשֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה, וְקָדְשֵׁי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְהַבִּכּוּרִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בַּבִּכּוּרִים. כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַתִּיר וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים:
Estes podem ser dados a qualquer sacerdote: coisas devotadas [ver Lev. 27:28], animais primogênitos, a redenção do primogênito [filho do sexo masculino], o [cordeiro substituído como] resgate pelo primogênito de um burro, ombro, duas bochechas e mandíbula. . 18: 3], o primeiro do velo, óleo [de Terumah impuro serve apenas] para queimar alimentos consagrados [que devem ser comidos] dentro do templo e os primeiros frutos. O rabino Judá proíbe os primeiros frutos. Vetches de Terumah : o rabino Akiva permite, mas os sábios proíbem.
Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
החרמים – for the Kohanim, as it is written (Numbers 18:14): “Everything that has been proscribed in Israel (see also Leviticus 27:28) shall be yours.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that one can give hallah from outside of Israel to any priest, even an am haaretz who might defile it, because there is no prohibition of defiling this hallah. Our mishnah continues to list other priestly gifts that can be given to any priest, without fear that he will defile it. With regard to some of these things, there is no prohibition against defilement, and with regard to some of them, we assume that the priest will be cautious and not defile them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
והבכורות – if he is unblemished, there are the holy things of the Temple, but if he is blemished, it is written (Deuteronomy 12:15): “…The unclean and the clean alike may partake of it, [as of the gazelle and the deer].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
These may be given to any priest:
Devoted things (; Haramim are referred to in Numbers 18:14, which states, “all herem (devoted thing) in Israel shall be yours (to Aaron and his descendents).” These refer to gifts given to priests there is no prohibition of making them impure.
Devoted things (; Haramim are referred to in Numbers 18:14, which states, “all herem (devoted thing) in Israel shall be yours (to Aaron and his descendents).” These refer to gifts given to priests there is no prohibition of making them impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ופדיון פטר חמור – you redeem it with a lamb and it has no sanctity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Firstlings; “Firstlings” are the first born of pure domesticated animals, sheep, cows and goats. If they are unblemished they are sacrificed and parts are eaten by priests. If they are blemished, then the priest gets to keep the entire animal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ראשית הגז – as it is written (Deuteronomy 18:4): “You shall also give him [the first fruits of your new grain and wine and oil,] and the first shearing of your sheep.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The redemption of the first born; This is the five shekels used to redeem a first-born human child (see Numbers 18:17-18).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ושמן שרפה – oil from the priest’s due that was deilved.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The [lamb substituted as] ransom for the firstling of a donkey; The first born of a donkey is redeemed with a lamb (see Exodus 13:13). The priest gets the lamb.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
וקדשי מקדש – for they did not prohibit giving to the Kohen that which he was not careful about in its ritual impurity, but rather a thing which has a prohibition of defilement in the areas outside the Temple and Jerusalem, such as Terumah/priest’s due and the tithe-of-the-tithe (which the Levite gives to the Kohen from the one-tenth that he received from an Israelite) and Hallah, but the sanctified things of the Temple and Firstlings which he brings them to the Temple Court, they did not suspect, for he would [first] purify himself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The shoulder, the two cheeks and the maw; The parts of non-sacrificial animals given to the priest (see Deuteronomy 18:3-4).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ור' יהודה אוסר בבכורים – for he was suspect that perhaps he would not be careful with them, since the Divine Service is not performed with them. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The first of the fleece; The priest gets the first shearings of the sheep (Deuteronomy 18:4).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
ר"ע מתיר – for Rabbi Akiba follows his own reasoning, as he stated in the second chapter of Maaser Sheni (Mishnah 4) that [regarding] vetches/horse-beans – anything done with them is done in a state of uncleanness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Oil [fit only] for burning; Impure terumah must be burned. Since it is already impure, one can give it to an am haaretz priest.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
וחכמים אוסרים – for they think that it is food, since is eaten in the years of famine. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Consecrated food [which must be eaten] within the Temple; If the priest has to eat the offering within the Temple then we can assume that he will eat it in purity. Am haaretz priests were not suspected of going into the Temple while impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
And bikkurim. Rabbi Judah prohibits bikkurim. First fruits must be eaten while pure (both the fruit and the person). The rabbis hold that since these first fruits will be brought to the Temple, the am haaretz priest will be careful with their purity and therefore they can be given to any priest. Rabbi Judah disagrees.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Vetches of terumah: Rabbi Akiva permits, But the sages prohibit. Vetches are normally animal food (see Maaser Sheni 2:4) but are occasionally eaten by humans. Rabbi Akiva holds that since they are not really food for humans, the laws of purity don’t apply and therefore they can be given to an am haaretz priest. The other rabbis hold that the purity laws do apply, and they should only be given to a priest known to preserve the purity laws.
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