Komentarz do Zawim 1:6
רָאָה אַחַת הַיּוֹם וְאַחַת בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, אַחַת בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת וְאַחַת לְמָחָר, אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁמִּקְצָת הָרְאִיָּה מֵהַיּוֹם וּמִקְצָתָהּ לְמָחָר, וַדַּאי לַקָּרְבָּן וְלַטֻּמְאָה. אִם סָפֵק שֶׁמִּקְצָת הָרְאִיָּה מֵהַיּוֹם וּמִקְצָתָהּ לְמָחָר, וַדַּאי לַטֻּמְאָה וְסָפֵק לַקָּרְבָּן. רָאָה שְׁנֵי יָמִים בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, סָפֵק לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַקָּרְבָּן. אַחַת בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת, סָפֵק לַטֻּמְאָה:
Jeśli zobaczył jedną [wydzielinę] w ciągu dnia i jedną o zmierzchu, [lub] jedną o zmierzchu i jedną następnego dnia, jeśli wiadomo, że część obserwacji [wydzielina miała miejsce o zmierzchu] w ciągu dnia, a część była następnego dnia ma pewność co do ofiary [że musi przynieść jedną jako zav ] i co do nieczystości [jest nieczysty]. Jeśli jest wątpliwe, czy część obserwacji miała miejsce dzisiaj, a część była następnego dnia, nie ma wątpliwości co do jego nieczystości, ale są wątpliwości co do jego ofiary. Jeśli widział [zrzuty] przez dwa [następujące po sobie] dni o zmierzchu, jest wątpliwość co do jego nieczystości i ofiary. Gdyby zobaczył [wylewającego się] o zmierzchu, jest wątpliwość co do jego nieczystości.
Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
אם ידוע שמקצת הראיה מהיום וקצתה למחר – that he saw part of the appearance [of the flux] at the end of today and part of it at the beginning of the night of the morrow, even though there weren’t between them [sufficient time] in order to perform [both] the ritual immersion and the drying off, they are considered as two appearances [of flux], because the days divide them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zavim
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with a man who has an issue at twilight. The question is does the change of day divide one issue into two issues?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
ודאי לקרבן ולטומאה – that there are three appearances [of flux] here. And that of at twilight is divided into two [appearances], since there is in it from two [different and consecutive] days.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zavim
If he saw one issue during the day and another at twilight, or one at twilight and the other the next day: If he knew that part of the issue occurred at day-time and part the next day, he is certain with regard to a sacrifice and uncleanness. But if it is in doubt whether part [of the issue] occurred at day-time and part on the next day he is certain with regard to uncleanness, but in one of doubt in with regard a sacrifice. In this case a person had an issue of zov during the day and then another at twilight, a time which is not easy to determine as either night or day. Or he had an issue at twilight and then another the following day. We need to determine whether the issue he had at twilight counts as two issues, such that he is now a full zav. Or does it count as only one, such that he is a zav, but not a full zav? If he knew that part of the issue that happened at twilight occurred during one day and part the next, then he would certainly be impure and he would certainly be liable for a sacrifice. We learn here that a new day causes one issue to be legally considered two. [We should note that I'm not sure if it's all that possible to know whether it occurred during one day or the next day. The mishnah wants to teach the principle, the turn of a day separates one sighting from another]. However, if he is not certain whether one occurred one day and the other the next, then there is doubt as to whether he has seen three issues or two. Since in any case he has seen two issues, he is certainly unclean for seven days, as is always the case with a person who saw two issues. However, since it is uncertain whether he has seen two issues or three, he is not liable to bring a sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
ואם ספק – that perhaps all of it is from today or all of it is from the night.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zavim
If he had seen issues on two separate days at twilight, he is in doubt both with regard to defilement and with regard to a sacrifice. In this case, he saw an issue for two days straight at twilight. It is possible therefore that an entire day interrupted between the first issue and the second. In such a case he wouldn't even be impure. His purity status is therefore doubtful. On the other hand, he might have seen three issues, one of them being divided by the turn of the day into two. Therefore, he might be liable for a sacrifice. His status vis a vis a sacrifice is therefore also doubtful.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
ודאי לטומאה – for at any event, there are two [appearances].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zavim
If [he had seen only] one issue at twilight, he is in doubt [also] with regard to [his] defilement. One issue seen at twilight is enough to create a doubt with regard to his purity status, for the turn of the day could divide the issue into being considered two issues. However, there is no possibility to consider this to be three sightings. Clearly, he is not liable for a sacrifice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
וספק לקרבן – for we are in doubt that perhaps there are two [appearances], perhaps three [appearances of flux]. For if all of it is from the day or all of it is from the night, there are two [appearances of flux]. But if it is from part of the day and part of the night, there are three {appearances of flux].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zavim
שני ימים בין השמשות – as for example, that the first [appearance] is at the beginning at the first twilight, and the second is at the end of the second twilight, as for example, that the first [appearance] is on Friday/the Eve of the Sabbath at the beginning of twilight and one is on Saturday night at the conclusion of twilight. For if the beginning of twilight is day and the end of twilight is night, we don’t have two appearances [of flux] on two consecutive days, for Shabbat interrupts and there isn’t the defilement of gonorrhea (but rather, like a person with an emission). But if the entire twilight from the day or all of it is from the night, there are two appearances here on two consecutive days, and which require counting seven clean [days] and one is exempt from the sacrifice. But if the beginning of twilight or at its end, half of it is from the day and half of it is from the light, the appearance [of flux] was divided into two and one is required to bring a sacrifice. But because there are all of these doubts, it is taught [in the Mishnah]: "ספק לטומאה ולקרבן"/”he is in doubt as to its imparting uncleanness and in doubt as to bring a sacrifice, lest there isn’t uncleanness here, and lest there is uncleanness here but not a sacrifice, or lest thee is [both] uncleanness here and a sacrifice. Therefore, he brings a sacrifice, but it is not consumed.
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