Komentarz do Terumot 2:1
אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ, הָעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה שֶׁנִּטְמָא מִקְצָתוֹ, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַטָּהוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ עַל הַטָּמֵא שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. וְכֵן אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁל יָרָק, וְכֵן עֲרֵמָה. הָיוּ שְׁנֵי עִגּוּלִים, שְׁתֵּי אֲגֻדּוֹת, שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵמוֹת, אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, לֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא:
Nie można odkładać Terumah [produktów przeznaczonych do konsumpcji kapłańskiej] od czystych dla nieczystych. A jeśli odłożą Terumah , ich Terumah będzie [ważna] Terumah . Zaprawdę powiedzieli, że okrągły figowy, z którego część jest nieczysta, można odłożyć Terumę od tego, co w niej czyste, dla nieczystego, który jest w niej. I tak też jest z wiązką zieleni, a także ze stosem. Gdyby istniały dwie rundy, dwa wiązki lub dwa stosy - jeden nieczysty i jeden czysty - nie można odkładać Terumah od jednego do drugiego. Rabin Eliezer mówi: można odłożyć Terumę od czystych dla nieczystych.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אין תורמין מטהור על הטמא – as a decree lest he separate the heave offering that is not brought near because they are afraid lest the impure [produce] will come in contact with the pure and defile it. But we require that the person who separates the heave offering separates from that which is brought near.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
One must give terumah from both pure and impure produce. The priest will be able to use the pure terumah for its general purpose and the impure produce he will have to burn but he can enjoy the produce while it is being burned. For instance, if he is given impure oil, he can burn it and use it to light his candles. If he is given impure wheat, he could burn it in his oven.
Our mishnah teaches that one cannot give terumah from pure produce in order to exempt impure produce, even though this might seem to be beneficial to the priest.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
באמת אמרו – wherever it is taught: "באמת אמרו" /”in fact that they said that,” it is as if it is a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional interpretation of a written law), but not exactly a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai, for in the first chapter of [Tractate] Shabbat [Mishnah 3], we taught: “in fact that they said that the teacher sees [by the light of a lamp] where the children are reading,” and this is from the Rabbis (as opposed to from the Bible).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
They may not give terumah from pure [produce] for impure [produce], but if they did give, the terumah is terumah. As I stated in the introduction, one cannot give terumah from pure produce in order to exempt impure produce. If, however, he does so, his terumah is still valid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
העגול של דבילה – even though the cakes of pressed figs are glued to each other in the midst of the cake of pressed figs, they are not thought of as attached regarding ritual defilement, and if defilement touched one of the cakes of pressed figs, the other is not ritually defiled.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
In truth they said: If a cake of pressed figs had become partly defiled, one may give terumah from the clean part for that part which had become defiled. The same applies to a bunch of vegetables, or a stack of grain. The phrase, “In truth they said,” usually introduces a halakhah that deviates from the previous general rule. If one has a cake of pressed figs only part of which was impure, or a bunch of vegetables or a stack of grain, only part of which was impure, one can separate terumah from the pure part in order to exempt the entire cake, bunch or stack. Because it is all one pile or one group of produce, this is not considered taking from one pile/stack of pure produce on behalf of a different impure pile/stack.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
וכן אגודה של יקרק וכן ערימה – it is necessary [to mention both], for if it (i.e., the Mishnah) had taught [only] the circular cake of pressed figs, I would have said that the cake of pressed figs which is one substance, he separates the heave-offering, [but] the bunch [of greens] which is not one substance, he does not separate the heave-offering. But if it (i.e., the Mishnah) had taught [only] the bunch [of greens], I would have said, the bunch [of greens] where it is all one possession, he separates the heave-offering, [but] a pile is not one possession, which he doesn’t separate the heave-offering, hence, they are all necessary.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If there were two cakes [of figs], two bunches [of vegetables], two stacks [of grain], one pure and one impure, one should not give terumah from one for the other. However, as stated in section one above, if the cakes, bunches of vegetables or stacks of grain were separate, then one should not give terumah from the pure one on behalf of the impure one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
רבי אליעזר אומר תורמים – ab initio from that which is ritually pure for that which is ritually defiled, for Rabbi Eliezer did not decree lest he come to separate the heave-offering from that which is not brought near , but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Rabbi Eliezer says: one can give terumah from that which is pure for that which is impure. Rabbi Eliezer disagrees with the rules above and holds that one can give terumah from the pure for the impure.
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