Komentarz do Temura 1:3
אֵין מְמִירִין אֵבָרִים בְּעֻבָּרִים וְלֹא עֻבָּרִים בְּאֵבָרִים, וְלֹא אֵבָרִים וְעֻבָּרִים בִּשְׁלֵמִים וְלֹא שְׁלֵמִים בָּהֶן. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְמִירִים אֵבָרִין בִּשְׁלֵמִים וְלֹא שְׁלֵמִים בְּאֵבָרִין. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וַהֲלֹא בְמֻקְדָּשִׁין, הָאוֹמֵר רַגְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ עוֹלָה, כֻּלָּהּ עוֹלָה, אַף כְּשֶׁיֹּאמַר רַגְלָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ תַּחַת זוֹ, תְּהֵא כֻלָּהּ תְּמוּרָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ:
Nie zastępujemy kończyn płodami ani płodów kończynami, ani kończyn, ani płodów zwierzętami nienaruszonymi, ani nienaruszonymi zwierzętami. Rabin Yose mówi: Kończyny można zastąpić nienaruszonymi zwierzętami, ale nie nienaruszonymi zwierzętami kończynami. Rabin Yose powiedział: A czy nie jest prawem dotyczącym uświęconych zwierząt, że jeśli ktoś powie: noga tego jest Ola [całopalenie], to wszystko [staje się Ola] ? Tak więc, jeśli powie się nogę tego jednego zamiast tamtego, wszystko to jest zastąpieniem.
Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
אברים בעוברים – limbs of unconsecrated [animals] with consecrated fetuses. For if he said: “may the foot of this animal be substituted/in exchange for the sanctified fetus that is in the womb of that animal,” the sanctity does not apply upon the limb.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Temurah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a person who tries to substitute either parts of an animal or embryos for a whole dedicated animal, or vice versa.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
ולא עוברים באברים – for if he said: “this fetus that is inside of this unconsecrated animal will be substituted for the foot of this sanctified animal, the fetus is not holy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Temurah
One cannot substitute limbs [of hullin] for [dedicated] embryos; Or embryos [of hullin] for [dedicated] limbs; Or embryos and limbs [of hullin] for whole [dedicated animals]; Or whole [animals of hullin] for them. According to the first opinion, one can substitute only whole animals for other whole animals. One cannot substitute parts or embryos for whole animals, or whole animals for parts or embryos that have been dedicated to the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
ולא עוברים ואברים – of unsanctified [animals] with sanctified peace-offerings.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Temurah
Rabbi Yose says: limbs [of hullin] can be substituted for whole [dedicated animals], but whole [animals of hullin] cannot be substitute for them. According to Rabbi Yose if a person says, “This limb is in place of this dedicated animal,” the limb does become holy as a substitute. Once the limb is holy its holiness “spreads” over the entire animal and the entire animal is holy.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
ולא שלמים – [peace-offerings] of unsanctified [animals] [substituted for] fetuses and/or limbs of a holy [animal].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Temurah
Rabbi Yose said: When it comes to dedicating animals, is it not true that if one says: “This foot shall be an olah (a burnt,” the whole [animal] becomes an olah? Similarly, if one says, “This foot shall be in place of this [whole dedicated animal],” the whole [animal] should become a substitute in its place! Rabbi Yose explains his opinion by analogizing it to a case where a person dedicates the limb of an animal. In such a case the entire animal becomes an olah (assuming that is what he said it would be). So too, when one tries to substitute a limb for an entire animal, the entire substitute animal becomes holy.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
ממירין אברים בשלימים – he said, “may the foot of this unconsecrated animal be in substitution/exchange for this holy animal,” the exchange takes effect on the limb and it spreads throughout the animal, it is totally exchanged/substituted and offered.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
ולא שלימים בהן – for there is no power/strength in one limb of a holy animal to perform an exchange/substitution.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
והלא במוקדשין – at the beginning of the sanctification when he says, “the foot of this [animal]is a burnt offering.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Temurah
כולה עולה – as we derive from Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 27:9): “any such that may be given to the LORD shall be holy,” when he says, “that it shall be holy,” to include all of it. But the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher.
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