Komentarz do Taanit 1:4
הִגִּיעַ שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְשָׁמִים, הִתְחִילוּ הַיְחִידִים מִתְעַנִּין שָׁלשׁ תַּעֲנִיּוֹת. אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין מִשֶּׁחֲשֵׁכָה, וּמֻתָּרִין בִּמְלָאכָה וּבִרְחִיצָה וּבְסִיכָה וּבִנְעִילַת הַסַּנְדָּל וּבְתַשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה:
Jeśli siedemnastego miesiąca Mar-Cheshvan nadejdzie bez deszczu, który jeszcze nie spadł, osoby prywatne rozpoczynają trzy dni postu. Poprzedniej nocy wolno im jeść i pić, i wolno [w sam dzień postu] pracować, kąpać się, namaszczać ciało, nosić [skórzane] buty i wykonywać śluby.
Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
הגיע שבעה במרחשון – and three time periods have already passed – which are the third of Mar Cheshvan, the seventh [of Mar Cheshvan] and the seventeenth [of the month].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
Introduction
Our mishnah proceeds chronologically from the last mishnah. There we learned that on either the third or seventh of Marheshvan they add into the Amidah a request for rain. If that prayer has not been answered by the seventeenth of Marheshvan, then a series of progressively more stringent fasts begins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
התחילו היחידים – scholars/Sages
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
If the seventeenth of Marheshvan came and no rain fell, individuals begin to fast three fasts. The first set of fasts is not observed by the entire community, but rather only by individuals, probably rabbis and other public figures.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
שלש תעניות – Monday, Thursday [and the following] Monday.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Taanit
They eat and drink after it gets dark and they are permitted to do work, to bathe, to anoint themselves with oil, to wear shoes, and to have marital relations. The lightness of the fasts is expressed in the fact that the night before the fast they can eat the fast only begins in the morning. Furthermore, the only prohibition that they take upon themselves is eating and drinking. All of the other prohibitions that sometimes apply on fast days do not apply here. The idea of progressively making the fasts more stringent is an interesting idea. We relate to God as we would to another human being. If we really want something, but it is something that we are going to need frequently, we don’t pull out all of the stops immediately.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Taanit
אוכלים ושותים משחשיכה – They are permitted to eat and drink all the night of the fast until the crack of dawn all the while that they are not sleeping. But after one has had one’s fixed period of sleep, it is forbidden to each or drink if one didn’t make a condition [to do so] at first prior to going to sleep. And there are those who say that eating requires a condition made. Drinking does not require a condition made, for there is no fixed period for drinking and that makes sense.
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