Jeśli ktoś robi kuczkę pod drzewem, to tak, jakby robił ją w swoim domu [a jest to pasul]. (Jeśli ktoś zbudował) kuczkę na szczycie kuczki, górna jest kaserą, a dolna pasul, [ponieważ ma dwie szachy, a Pismo unieważnia kuczkę pod kuczką]. R. Juda mówi: Jeśli nie ma „mieszkania” w górna, [tj. jeśli górna nie może być używana jako mieszkanie, tak jak gdy dolna część dachu nie może utrzymać materacy i pokrowców górnej], dolna jest kaserowa. Pierwsza tanna i R. Juda nie różnią się tam, gdzie nie może ich w ogóle utrzymać, wszyscy zgadzają się w takim przypadku, że dolna jest kaserowa z szachą górnej, a jej własny dach nie jest uważany za dach, więc nie jest. succah under a succah. A gdyby był wystarczająco mocny, aby podtrzymywać materace i pokrowce cholewki, wszyscy zgadzają się, że to pasul. Gdzie się nie zgadzają? Kiedy tylko z trudem może je podtrzymać, jak wtedy, gdy dolny dach kołysze się i zapina się od (ciężaru) materacy i pokrowców górnej. Pierwsza tanna głosi, że nazywa się to „a succah under a succah” i jest pasul; a R. Juda utrzymuje, że skoro wspiera je tylko z trudem, nie jest uważany za dach i nie jest nazywany „kuczką pod kaczą”. Halacha nie jest zgodna z R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
כאילו עשאה בתוך הבית – and it is invalid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a person who makes a valid sukkah (we will learn more about what a valid sukkah is later) but then something is placed on top of his sukkah that does not count as valid skhakh. This causes the otherwise valid sukkah to be invalid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
תחתונה פסולה – for it has two [sets of] S’khakh/coverings of the festive booth, and the Biblical verse invalidates a Sukkah that is underneath [another] Sukkah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
One who makes his sukkah under a tree, it is as if he made it within the house. A tree while still attached to the ground cannot be used for skhakh, the roofing of the sukkah. Skhakh must come from a natural source, but it must be detached from the ground. Therefore, if one puts his sukkah underneath a tree it is invalid, just as it would be invalid if one built a sukkah inside a house with the ceiling as his roof.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sukkah
אם אין דיורין בעליונה – which is not appropriate for dwelling, such as [if] the lower roof is unable to endure/sustain pillows and cushions of the upper [Sukkah]. But the First Tanna/teacher and Rabbi Yehuda did not disagree if it cannot endure it all, and in that, the entire world admits that the lower [Sukkah] is valid with the S’khakh/coverings of the festive booth of the upper [Sukkah], for its roof is not considered a roof, and it is not a Sukkah that is underneath a Sukkah. But if it is healthy and cable of receiving the pillows and cushions of the upper [Sukkah], the entire world does not argue that it is invalid. But they disagree when it can receive it in an emergency/when needed, such as the case where the roof of the lower [Sukkah] shakes and vibrates from the pillows and cushions of the upper [Sukkah], where the first Tanna holds that in this case it is called a Sukkah that is underneath a Sukkah and is invalid, and Rabbi Yehuda holds that since it other than in the case of an emergency cannot accept the pillows and cushions of the upper [Sukkah], it is not considered a roof, and this is not a Sukkah that is underneath a Sukkah. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sukkah
One [who makes] a sukkah on top of another sukkah, the upper one is valid but the lower is invalid. Rabbi Judah says: if there are no occupants in the upper one, the lower one is valid. If a person builds one sukkah on top of another, it turns out that the skhakh of the bottom sukkah is the floor of the top sukkah. Even if the skhakh meets all other halakhic requirements it is still invalid because the fact that someone is living above makes it again similar to a person who builds his sukkah inside a house. Rabbi Judah holds that if there is no one who is living in the upper one, than the bottom one is valid. The upper sukkah is not considered to be living quarters unless someone is actually living there.
