Komentarz do Sota 7:1
אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָרִין בְּכָל לָשׁוֹן, פָּרָשַׁת סוֹטָה, וּוִדּוּי מַעֲשֵׂר, קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע, וּתְפִלָּה, וּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן, וּשְׁבוּעַת הָעֵדוּת, וּשְׁבוּעַת הַפִּקָּדוֹן:
W dowolnym języku wypowiadane są następujące słowa: paragraf Sota (Lb 5: 19-22), deklaracja dziesięciny (Powtórzonego Prawa 26:13), recytacja Szemy (Powtórzonego Prawa 6: 4-9), modlitwa, błogosławieństwo po posiłek, przysięga świadectwa i przysięga depozytu.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
אלו נאמרין. פרשת סוטה – as it is written (Numbers 5:19): “[The priest shall adjure the woman,] saying to her, [“If no man has lain with you, if you have not gone astray in defilement while married to your husband, be immune to harm from this water of bitterness that induces the spell].” In any language that he states it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
Introduction
Beginning with this mishnah and continuing through the end of the tractate, the Mishnah discusses things that must be recited. Some of these must be recited in Hebrew and others can be recited in any language. The reason that these are discussed in Mishnah Sotah is that the first example is the oath that the priest makes the sotah swear, which may be recited in any language.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
וידוי מעשר – (Deuteronomy 26:13): “I have cleared out the consecrated portion from the house, etc.” He states it in any language that he wishes, as it is written (ibid.): “You shall declare before the LORD your God,” in every language that he speaks.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
The mishnah lists seven recitations which can be made in any language.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
קריאת שמע – as it is written (Deuteronomy 6:4): “Hear O Israel ” in any language that you hear.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
The following may be recited in any language:
the section concerning the sotah, The first is the oath that the priest makes a sotah swear (Numbers 5:19-23). The Talmud derives this by using a midrash. It may also be that since the sotah has to understand what she is swearing to, if she doesn’t understand Hebrew it can be recited in any language that she does understand. This rationale lies behind most, if not all, of the other recitations listed in this mishnah.
the section concerning the sotah, The first is the oath that the priest makes a sotah swear (Numbers 5:19-23). The Talmud derives this by using a midrash. It may also be that since the sotah has to understand what she is swearing to, if she doesn’t understand Hebrew it can be recited in any language that she does understand. This rationale lies behind most, if not all, of the other recitations listed in this mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
ותפלה – a congregation–community that prays, prays–recites the Amidah in any language, but an individual does not pray other than in the holy tongue (i.e., Hebrew).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the confession made at the presentation of tithes, On Passover of the fourth and seventh year of the seven year sabbatical cycle, each householder must come to the Temple and confess that he has not withheld tithes in his home (see Deuteronomy 26:13-15). This would include all forms of tithe, each of which must be disposed of in the proper fashion. This confession may be recited in any language.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
וברכת המזון – as it is written (Deuteronomy 8:10): ‘and you shall bless–give thanks [the LORD your God],” in any language that you bless–give thanks.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the shema, The Shema, one of the two central parts of Jewish prayer, recited twice daily, can be recited in any language. Since the Shema is the central declaration of faith, it must be understood by the person reciting it, and therefore can be recited in any language.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
ושבועת העדות ושבועת הפקדון – in any language that he made them take an oath and did not give thanks, they are liable. The oath of testimony, we derive it as it is written regarding it (Leviticus 5:1): “[If a person incurs guilt] when he heard a public imprecation,” and the oath of deposit, he derives it [through an analogy] from the oath of testimony (Tractate Sotah 33a): "תחטא" –incurs guilt (Leviticus 5:1) and "תחטא"–sins (Leviticus 5:21).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the prayer (the, The amidah, the other central feature of Jewish prayer, which is recited thrice daily (and more on special occasions) can also be recited in any language. The Talmud says that since the amidah is the prayer in which human beings approach God with their requests, it would not make sense for it to be recited in a language which the speaker does not understand.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the grace after meals, For similar reasons, the grace after meals may be recited in any language as well.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the oath concerning testimony, If a person thinks that another person knows testimony about his case, and the other person denies such knowledge, he may force him to take an oath that he does not know any testimony (see Leviticus 5:1, 6 and Mishnah Shevuoth 4:3). This oath may be recited in any language, since it is critical that the person swearing understands what he is saying.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
the oath concerning a deposit. If a person thinks that he gave a deposit to another person, but that person denies having received such a deposit, the claimant may make the other person swear that he does not have the deposit. This too can be recited in any language for the same reason as above.
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