Gdyby nie było świadomości na początku [(tj. Gdyby nigdy nie wiedział o tej nieczystości, to nigdy nie podlegało ofierze, otrzymywaniu ofiary tylko tam, gdzie była świadomość na początku)], ale na końcu była świadomość, Dzieciątko przedstawione na zewnątrz [na zewnętrznym ołtarzu, z dodatkowymi ofiarami Jom Kipur] i Jom Kipur [siebie] zadośćuczyniło [razem z koźlęciem], jest napisane (Lb 29:11): „… oprócz ofiary pokuty”. Cokolwiek to drugie odpokutuje, pierwsze odpokutuje. Tak jak wewnętrzna (ofiara na ołtarzu, „ta ostatnia”) dokonuje zadośćuczynienia tylko tam, gdzie była świadomość, tak zewnętrzna (ofiara na ołtarzu, „pierwsza”) dokonuje zadośćuczynienia tylko tam, gdzie była świadomość. [Jest napisane o koźle przedstawionym na zewnątrz: „Jedno koźlę kozie jako ofiara za grzech, oprócz ofiary przebłagalnej”. Ofiara przebłagania za grzech to dziecko przedstawione wewnątrz. Pismo porównuje je, aby nauczyć nas, że to, za co jeden odpokutowuje, a drugi za zadośćuczynienie, a mianowicie: Tak jak wewnętrzna jest prezentowana tylko tam, gdzie była świadomość (w tym przypadku) świadomość na początku, jak wyprowadzono z (Kapłańska 16: 16): „… za wszystkie swoje grzechy”, implikacja jest następująca: za wszystko, co podlegałoby ofierze za grzech, gdyby na końcu była świadomość; i nie ma ofiary za grzech bez świadomości na początku—tak więc dzieciak przedstawiony na zewnątrz nie odpokutuje, dopóki nie będzie świadomości (w tym przypadku) świadomości na końcu, ale nie na początku, gdzie nigdy nie zostanie poddane ofierze za grzech. A to odkupienie jest absolutne, bez „zawieszenia” (zobacz 1: 2)].
Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
אין בה ידיעה בתחלה – he did not know about this ritual defilement at all, this does not into the category of [a required] sacrifice ever, for the sacrifice dos not come other than when he has awareness [of ritual impurity] at the beginning.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Introduction
Mishnah three continues to define when a person is obligated to bring a sacrifice in a situation where he did not know that he had been impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
שעיר הנעשה בחוץ – that is offered on the outer altar [which yields blood to be sprinkled] during the Musaf of Yom Kippur.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shevuot
Where there is no knowledge at the beginning but there is knowledge at the end, the goat sacrificed on the outer altar together with the day of atonement bring atonement, for it says: “[one he-goat for a sin-offering] beside the sin-offering of atonement” (Numbers 29:1: for that which this goat [prepared inside the Holy of Holies] atones this goat [prepared outside] atones: just as the ‘inner’ goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the beginning], so the “outer” goat atones only for a sin where there was knowledge [at the end]. Our mishnah deals with the situation where a person did not know that they had become impure and then ate of holy food or entered the Temple and then realized that they were impure. Since there is not knowledge in the beginning and in the end, this person cannot achieve atonement by personally bringing a “sliding scale” sacrifice. Rather our mishnah teaches that the goat sacrificed on Yom Kippur at the outer altar as a sin-offering brings atonement from this person. This teaching is learned by a comparison with the goat offered inside the Holy of Holies. Just as the goat offered inside brings atonement in a case where there was knowledge of the contraction of uncleanness, in this case prior to the eating of the holy food or the entering into the Temple (see mishnah two) so too the goat offered outside brings atonement in a case where there was knowledge of the contraction of uncleanness, in this case after the eating of the holy food or the entering into the Temple.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
ויום הכיפורים – itself atones with the goat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shevuot
שנאמר – regarding the goat that is offered on the outer altar (Numbers 29:11): “And there shall be one goat for a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering of expiation,” for the sin offering of expiation is the goat that is offered inside and Scripture juxtaposed them, to teach you just as one expiates/atones, so too the other atones/expiates; the inside [goat] doesn’t come other than with a matter about which there is awareness, and what is this awareness? At the outset, as we derive from Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 16:21): “[Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over all the iniquities and transgressions of the Israelites,] whatever their sins, [putting them on the head of the goat],” which implies that for those that come within the category of sin - , that they should have awareness of them at the conclusion, and it is impossible that to come within the category of sin-offering other than if they had awareness at the outset, even the goat that is offered outside does not atone other than if he as awareness of it, and what is it? Awareness at the conclusion and not at the beginning, for they are not included in the category of sacrifice, and this atoning is complete atonement/expiation without doubt.
