Ludzie z miasta skazanego (za bałwochwalstwo) nie mają udziału w przyszłym świecie, a mianowicie. (Księga Powtórzonego Prawa 13:14): „Wyszli spośród was mężowie nieprawości (belial) i zbłądzili mieszkańców swego miasta”. [("men of belial" :) mężczyźni, którzy nie powstają (einam olim) przy zmartwychwstaniu. A ci, którzy zbłądzili, są podobni do tych, którzy się zbłądzili (pod tym względem)]. I nie zostaną zabici (mieczem), chyba że podżegacze (do bałwochwalstwa) będą z tego samego miasta, [jest napisane: "i zbłądzili mieszkańców swego miasta", a nie mieszkańców innego miasta] iz tego samego plemienia [jest napisane: „z pośród was”—ze środka samego plemienia] i (nie zabijają ich mieczem), chyba że większość [miasta] jest podburzona [jest napisane: „mieszkańcy ich miasta”, co oznacza „mieszkanie” miasto, czyli większość.], chyba że ludzie ich zachęcają. Jeśli byli podburzani przez kobiety lub nieletni, lub jeśli tylko mniejszość była podżegana, lub jeśli podżegacze byli poza nią (tj. Z innego miasta), to jako jednostki [służyli bałwochwalstwu]. Są oni rozstrzeliwani przez ukamienowanie, a ich majątek „ucieka”] i [mieszkańcy potępionego miasta] wymagają dwóch świadków i ostrzeżenia dla każdego. [Mnożyliby sądy, a ktokolwiek, kto był uznany za bałwochwalczego ze świadkami i ostrzeżeniem, był oddzielany, aż ustalono, czy oni (oddzieleni) byli większością. Gdyby tak było, byli doprowadzani do wielkiego bet-din, gdzie zakończył się ich wyrok i zostali straceni mieczem, a ich majątek został zniszczony. A jeśli okaże się, że nie stanowią większości w mieście, stracono ich przez ukamienowanie, a ich majątek „uciekł”]. Jest to surowość dla jednostek (straconych za bałwochwalstwo) w stosunku do ludności—że osoby (są wykonywane) przez ukamienowanie, z tego powodu ich własność ucieka; a lud (zostaje stracony) mieczem, z tego powodu ich majątek zostaje zniszczony.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
יצאו אנשים בני בליעל – children that do not rise up at the [time of the] Resurrection of the Dead. And those who are led astray are like those who lead astray.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Introduction
Our mishnah discusses the punishment of a city seduced into idol worship (see Deuteronomy 13:13-19), which was mentioned briefly in chapter nine, mishnah one. There we learned that the inhabitants are to be executed by decapitation. The remainder of chapter ten will discuss various details of this law. We should note that these laws were certainly not practiced in the time of the Mishnah and Talmud, and according to one opinion in the Talmud there never was such a thing as a city that was judged as having been seduced into idol worship.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
עד שיהיו מדיחים מאותה העיר – as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “…and subverted the inhabitants of their town…,” but not the inhabitants of another town.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
The inhabitants of a city seduced into worshipping idols have no portion in the world to come, as it says, “Certain men, wicked persons, have gone out from among you and seduced the inhabitants of their town” (Deuteronomy 13:14). The first section is the bridge which connects this mishnah and the remainder of the chapter with the beginning half of the chapter, which dealt with those who have a portion in the world to come. The inhabitants of a city seduced into worshipping idols lose their place in the world to come. This is learned from the words in the quoted verse, “have gone out from among you”, which is understood by the author of the mishnah to mean that they have left the whole of Israel (clal Yisrael) to whom is promised a portion in the world to come.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ומאותו השבט – as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “[that some scoundrels] from among you…” from the midst of that tribe itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
They are not executed unless the seducers are of that city and that tribe, and until the majority of the city are seduced, and the seducers are men. If women or minors seduced it, or if a minority of the city were seduced, or if the seducers were from outside the city, they are treated as individuals, and therefore two witnesses and a formal warning are necessary for each [offender]. From the words, “the inhabitants of their town” the mishnah learns that those who seduce the others into worshipping idols must be from the same town as those being seduced. From the words “from among you” the mishnah learns that they must be from the same tribe of Israel. The mishnah also states that the majority of the city must be seduced in order for it to be deemed a seduced city whose inhabitants are to be decapitated. It is unclear from which part of the verse the mishnah learns this law. Since the verse specifically states “men” the mishnah concludes that the seducers must be men. If any of these criteria are not met, i.e. the seducers are women or minors, or a minority of the city is seduced or the seducers are from another city, those who have worshipped idols are judged and sentenced individually. This means that witnesses are required to testify against each one of them and each one must be warned that if s/he worships idols s/he will be executed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ועד שיודח רובה – of the city, as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “of their town” – which implies the settlement of that city, which means the majority.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
In this [the penalty of] individuals is severer than [that of] the multitudes, for individuals are stoned, therefore their property is saved; but the multitudes are decapitated; hence their possessions are destroyed. Finally, the mishnah compares the punishment of an individual who worships idols with those of a city seduced into worshipping idols. Each one receives both a stringency and a leniency. Individuals are executed by stoning (see chapter 7, mishnah six), a more stringent form of the death penalty, therefore their property is not destroyed and their descendents may receive their inheritance. Those of a seduced city are executed by decapitation, which is a less stringent form of the death penalty, therefore their property is destroyed and their descendents do not inherit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
הרי אלו כיחידים – as individuals who served idolatry and are judged with stoning and their property is spared.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
וצריכים – the men of the Apostate City.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
שני עדים והתראה לכל אחד ואחד – for they had increased the number of courts, and every person who was found to have worshipped idolatry with witnesses and warning, we separate them until they see if they are a majority of the city, we would bring them to the Great Jewish Court and complete their judgment there and kill them with the sword and their property would be lost. But if they did not find the majority of [the residents of] the city, we would judge them with stoning and their property would be spared.
