R. Gamliel mówi: Trzy kobiety mogą razem ugniatać (ciasto) [każda wystarczy do pełnego piekarnika i nie musi się obawiać, że stanie się chametzem, chociaż trzeba poczekać, aż dwie się upieczą] i pieczą w jednym piekarniku, jeden po drugim. A mędrcy mówią: Trzy kobiety zajmują się ciastem [tj. Nie tyle pobłażliwości należy ćwiczyć, aby pozwolić im jednocześnie ugniatać, ale każda zajmuje się własnym ciastem]: jedna [ostatnia] ugniata, jeden [środkowy] formuje, a jeden [trzeci, który ugniata pierwszy] piecze. [Tak więc okazuje się, że każda z trzech zajmuje się swoim ciastem w tym samym czasie: jedna ugniata swoje ciasto, druga formuje ciasto, a druga piecze ciasto.] R. Akiva mówi: Nie wszystkie kobiety i nie całe drewno i nie wszystkie piece są takie same. ] R. Akiva odnosi się do wypowiedzi R. Gamliela, mówiąc, że nie jest wskazane robić to, co mówi, ponieważ niektóre kobiety są leniwe i ciasto stanie się chametzem, jeśli zajmie im zbyt dużo czasu, a niektóre piece tak się nie nagrzewają szybko, a niektóre drewno nie spala się tak szybko. Powinniśmy raczej podążać za poglądem mędrców—że powinny być stale zajęte ciastem; tak długo, jak to robią, nie staje się to chametz. A to jest halacha.] Taka jest zasada: jeśli [ciasto w jej rękach] zacznie wyrastać, powinna oblać [ręce] zimną wodą [i uformować tak, aby ostygło].
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שלש נשים לשות כאחת – Each one [all together] in a full oven, and there is no fermentation, even though [that one of them] is waiting until the other two make it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with how people should bake matzot on Pesah to avoid them becoming chametz. The mishnah reflects a reality in which several women shared one oven for baking bread/matzah.
We should note that today no one bakes matzah on Pesah. All matzah is baked before Pesah in order to avoid the risk of the dough becoming chametz.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וחכ"א – one does not have to be so liberal that they would kneading all together, but three women are engaged, each one on her piece of dough.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabban Gamaliel says: three women may knead at the same time and bake in one oven, one after the other. Rabban Gamaliel says that three women may knead dough simultaneously and then use the same oven, even though the dough of one woman will have to wait while the dough of the other two women is baking. Rabban Gamaliel does not think that the dough will turn into chametz in this short amount of time.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אחת לשה – the concluding one kneads while her middle neighbor forms the dough and smoothens its surfaces while the third one that kneads first bakes. It is found that all three of them are engaged at the same time – each one with her own dough, one kneads hers, another forms the dough and smoothens its surfaces and one bakes hers.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
But the sages say: three women may be engaged with the dough at the same time: one kneads, one shapes and one bakes. The sages disagree and think that if one batch of dough has to wait while the other two bake, it is likely that it will turn into chametz. What the women should do is set up an assembly line, one woman will knead, one woman will shape the dough and one woman will bake. If they time it correctly then no one will have to wait to bake their bread.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
לא כל הנשים – Rabbi Akiva [is reacting] to the words of Rabban Gamaliel when he returns and says that it is inappropriate to follow his words. Because there are lazy women which will cause fermenting with such a delay, and there is an oven that does not get hot in a hurry and there is wood that is not burned quickly, but rather, according to the words of the Sages, it is appropriate to follow – to engage at all times with the dough , for all the time that they are engaged with the dough, it does not come to fermentation. And such is the Halakha.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Akiba says: not all women and not all kinds of wood and not all ovens are alike. Rabbi Akiva says it is impossible to a hard and fast rule since some women prepare bread faster than others, some wood makes ovens hotter than others and some ovens cook faster than others.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
זה הכלל תפח – the dough that is in her hands that she sees that it wants to swell.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
This is the general principle: if it [the dough] rises, she should slap it with [hands dipped in] cold water. Some commentators explain that this section is a continuation of Rabbi Akiva’s statement but I believe that it is an independent statement. All of the rabbis agree that if the woman begins to see signs of the dough turning into chametz what she should do is slap it with cold water to arrest the fermentation process.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
תלטוש – her hand in cold water and form the dough and smoothen its surface and it will become cold.
