Komentarz do Para 8:10
מֵי קַרְמְיוֹן וּמֵי פוּגָה, פְּסוּלִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מֵי בִצִּים. מֵי הַיַּרְדֵּן וּמֵי יַרְמוּךְ, פְּסוּלִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם מֵי תַעֲרֹבוֹת. וְאֵלוּ הֵן מֵי תַעֲרֹבוֹת, אֶחָד כָּשֵׁר וְאֶחָד פָּסוּל, שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ. שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּשֵׁרִין וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, כְּשֵׁרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹסֵל:
Wody Karmionu i wody Fugi [dwóch rzek w Izraelu] są nieważne, ponieważ są wodami bagiennymi. Wody Jordanu i wody Yarmuch są nieważne, ponieważ są wodami mieszanymi. A oto wody mieszane: jedno ważne [źródło wody] i jedno nieważne, które się zmieszało. Dwa ważne [źródła wody], które zostały zmieszane, są ważne; Rabin Jehuda unieważnia [ich].
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
מי קרמיון ומי פוגה – they are rivers in the land of Israel:
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
The waters of the Karmiyon and the waters of Pugah are unfit, because they are marsh waters. According to Albeck, who bases his interpretation on a medieval Talmudic dictionary (the Arukh), the Karmiyon and the Pugah are the same rivers as the Amanah and the Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, mentioned in II Kings 5:12. The mishnah rules that these rivers are too marshy to be considered "living waters."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
the swamp waters {see also Talmud Bava Batra 74b, listing the four rivers: The Jordan, the Yarmukh, the Karmiyon and Fugah, whereas the Arukh in its entry on Karmiyon mentions a verse from Second Kings, Chapter 5, Verse 12: “Are not the Amanah and the Pharpar, the rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? I could bathe in them and be clean!”). It is the language of (Job 8:11): “Can papyrus thrive without marsh? [Can rushes grow without water],” meaning to say water in which clay/mortar and plaster/mud is combined/mixed in them. But the All-Merciful stated (Numbers 19:17): “fresh water shall be added to them in a vessel,” but here there is an interposition/an intervening object between the water to the vessel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
The waters of the Jordan and the waters of the Yarmuk are unfit, because they are mixed waters. And the following are mixed waters: a fit kind and an unfit kind that were mixed together. The Jordan and the Yarmuk are mixtures of valid living waters and marshy waters, therefore they cannot be used in the red cow or other rituals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
מי תערובת (mixed waters)- they are unfit waters for they are combined/mixed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
If two kinds that are fit were mixed together both remain fit: Rabbi Judah says that they are unfit. If two rivers both of which contain "living waters" mix together their water can be used. Rabbi Judah disagrees because he holds that "mixed waters" are always invalid. It seems that Rabbi Judah here sticks to some received tradition. He received the tradition that mixed waters are invalid, and he says that this tradition is true even if the mixture was made by two rivers of living waters. In other words, he remains true to the received tradition even if it doesn't really make any rational sense.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
אחד פסול ואחד כשר – and they combined, it is prohibited to mix from the place of combination/mixture and below.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ר' יהודה פוסל – even if both of them are fit/appropriate, Rabbi Yehuda invalidates taking from the place of combination/mixture, as a decree on account of one that is unfit. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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