Komentarz do Ukcin 2:10
כְּלֵי גְלָלִים וּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה, שֶׁהַשָּׁרָשִׁים יְכוֹלִין לָצֵאת בָּהֶן, אֵינָם מַכְשִׁירִים אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. עָצִיץ נָקוּב אֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב, מַכְשִׁיר אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרוֹ שֶׁל נֶקֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ קָטָן. מִלְאָהוּ עָפָר עַד שְׂפָתוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְטַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז:
Naczynia zrobione z łajna lub ziemi, przez które korzenie mogą wydostać się na zewnątrz, nie przygotowują nasion [wewnątrz nich są podatne na nieczystość]. Naczynie perforowane nie zaprawia nasion [w środku jest podatne na zanieczyszczenie]. Ale to, co nie jest perforowane, daje pierwszeństwo nasionom. Jaka jest miara perforacji? To, przez które może wyłonić się mały korzeń. Jeśli napełnia się go po brzegi kurzem, przypomina tacę bez obręczy [której nie można uczynić nieczystym, gdyż nie jest już naczyniem].
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
כלי גללים – a vessel made from the dung of cattle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
Vessels made of cattle dung or of earth through which the roots can penetrate, do not render the seeds susceptible. If a pot is made of cattle dung or earth and the pot has been perforated so that roots can penetrate to the ground do not allow the seeds inside to become susceptible to impurity. This means that if rain water falls into this pot, the seeds are not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
שהשרשים יכולים לצאת בהן – even though they are not perforated, the root goes out on its own and perforates the dung and the ground of that vessel. And for this reason, it (i.e., the Mishnah) did not take the language of "כלי אבנים"/stone utensils, because they are hard and the root does not penetrate/perforate them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
A perforated plant-pot does not render seeds susceptible; but if it has no hole, the seeds do become susceptible. What should be the hole's dimension? Such that a small root can push its way through. Produce growing in perforated pots is considered to be attached to the ground. Therefore, anything in it is not susceptible to impurity. But pots without holes are treated as if they are not "ground" and produce growing in there is susceptible. To be considered "perforated" the hole must be at least wide enough for a small root to push through.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
עציץ נקוב אינו מכשיר את הזרעים – that are within it. And they don’t receive susceptibility [to receive defilement] because they are considered as attached, and the seeds are not susceptible to receive ritual defilement other than when water comes upon them after they have become detached, and even detached fruit are not made susceptible [to receive ritual defilement] with the water that is within, because the water does not make them susceptible [to receive ritual defilement] when they are attached/connected, for we require that the water is detached and these waters that are placed on a perforated pot, it is like placing it on the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
If it was filled with earth to its brim, it is deemed as a frame without an edge. If the pot was completely filled up, all the way to the brim, then it is treated like a "frame without an edge" (see Kelim 2:3). This means that there is no "inside" to the frame or in this case the pot. So anything that grows in such a pot is not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ושאינו נקוב מכשיר את הזרעים – for whether the water is within it or between the seeds, both of them are considered as detached.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
מלאהו – to a pot that is not perforated.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
עפר עד שפתו (dirt until its rim) – since it sees the atmosphere from four directions, it is like a perforated pot, and it is considered as attached/connected, between the water and between the seeds that are in it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
כטבלא שאין לה לזביז (like a tray lacking a vertical rim/ledge – by which a flat vessel is made into a vessel-like receptacle) – that it lacks a rim from this side and that but is rather flat and smooth, that the water that is in it does not make the seeds susceptible [to receive ritual defilement] and it is considered as attached, since it sees the atmosphere from four directions.
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