Komentarz do Ukcin 1:1
כֹּל שֶׁהוּא יָד וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר, מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא וְלֹא מִצְטָרֵף. שׁוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָד, מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא וּמִצְטָרֵף. לֹא שׁוֹמֵר וְלֹא יָד, לֹא מִטַּמֵּא וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא:
Każda część owocu, która może służyć jako uchwyt, ale nie chroni owocu, jest zarówno podatna na zanieczyszczenie, jak i może przenosić nieczystości, ale nie jest dołączana do pozostałej części owocu, którą należy wziąć pod uwagę przy określaniu minimalnej wielkości jajka. Jeśli chroni owoc, nawet jeśli nie służy jako uchwyt, jest podatny na nieczystości i może przenosić nieczystości i jest liczony jako część minimalnej wielkości jajka. Jeśli nie chroni i nie służy jako uchwyt, nie jest podatny na nieczystości ani nie może przenosić nieczystości.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
כל שהוא יד (whatever -part of the fruit- serves as a handle -of the stem) – the wood that is attached to the fruit, and a person holds it at the time that he eats the fruit, as, for example, the peduncle/point of the apples, grapes and pears, are called ידות/handles. And similarly, a bone that has at its head/top meat/flesh, and a person holds the bone in order to eat the meat at its head/top, the bone is a handle to the meat/flesh.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
That which serves as a handle but does not protect, both contracts uncleanness and conveys uncleanness; but it is not included. If the stem of a piece of produce serves as a handle by which to hold the produce, but it doesn't protect the produce from spoiling, then it is considered part of the produce for issues of impurity. If the stem is defiled so is the produce and vice versa, if the produce is defiled so is the stem. However, when determining the size of the piece of produce, this stem doesn't count. So if the produce is less than the size of an egg, it cannot be defiled (see Toharot 2:1).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ולא שומר (and not as a protector – as the shell of a nut) – to exclude the portion of the peduncle/point that touches the fruit and is attached to the globule/the stone or kernel of a stone fruit, that this part is a protector to the fruit (see also Tractate Taharot, Chapter 10, Mishnah 5 – describing the "חותם"/the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
If it protects but is not a handle, it contracts and conveys uncleanness and is included. If it protects the produce even if it doesn't serve as a stem, then it counts as part of it for all matters, even to be including in reckoning its size.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
מיטמא – the handle is defiled, and even though it is not appropriate for consumption, if the defilement touched the food, the handle is considered as a connector/junction to the the food, and it is as if it is one body.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Oktzin
If it neither protects nor serves as a handle, it neither contracts nor conveys uncleanness. If it neither serves as a handle nor protects the produce, then it is not part of it for any issue of impurity.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ומטמא – if the defilement touched the handle, the food is defiled, even though the defilement did not touch the food. And our Rabbis learned this from the Scripture, as it is written (Leviticus 11:37-38): “If such a carcass falls upon seed grain that is to be sewn, [it is pure; but if water is put on the seed and any part of the carcass falls upon it,] it shall be impure for you,” for everything that is in your needs, meaning to say, every thing that requires food is susceptible to receive ritual defilement like it, and it is impure and defiles with it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
ולא מצטרף – if the food was less than the bulk of an egg, for there is no defilement of food with less than an egg’s bulk, for this handle of the food does not combine with it to complete the requisite measurement.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
שומר אע"פ שאינו יד – as, for example, the shell of a fruit that protects it that it not be suffer loss/become damaged.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
מיטמא ומטמא ומצטרף – as it is written (Leviticus 11:37): “upon seed grain that is to be sown,” and what is “that is to be sown” – in the manner that people bring them out for sowing, wheat in their shells, and barley in their shells, that is with their protectors. For what purpose is the Biblical verse? If it is defiled and defiles, now the handle of the fruit is defiled and defiles as we derive from [the word]: "לכם"/for you – for all that are your needs, a protector is necessary, but the Biblical verse does not come other than to join with it, for a handle does not combine with it, while a protector combines with it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
וכל שאינו יד ולא שומר – like the hair that is on the fruit.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Oktzin
לא מיטמא ולא מטמא – and there is no need to say that it doesn’t combine/join.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy