Komentarz do Ohalot 3:3
נִשְׁפַּךְ בָּאֲוִיר, אִם הָיָה מְקוֹמוֹ קְטַפְרֵס וְהֶאֱהִיל עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה אַשְׁבֹּרֶן, אוֹ שֶׁקָּרַשׁ, טָמֵא. נִשְׁפַּךְ עַל הָאַסְקֻפָּה וְהִיא קְטַפְרֵס, בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, וְהַבַּיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, טָהוֹר. הָיָה אַשְׁבֹּרֶן אוֹ שֶׁקָּרַשׁ, טָמֵא. כֹּל שֶׁבַּמֵּת, טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַשִּׁנַּיִם וְהַשֵּׂעָר וְהַצִּפֹּרֶן. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרוֹ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:
[Krew], która została wylana na świeżym powietrzu: jeśli miejsce, na które spadła, było zboczem i [osoba lub naczynie] przyćmiło jego część, jest on czysty. Jeśli to była jama, albo zakrzepła, jest nieczysty. Jeśli był wylany na progu i był pochylony do wewnątrz lub na zewnątrz, a dom go przyćmił, [zawartość domu] jest czysta. Jeśli to była jama, albo zakrzepła, [zawartość domu] jest nieczysta. Wszystko, co jest częścią trupa, jest nieczyste, z wyjątkiem zębów, włosów i paznokci. A kiedy są połączeni [ze zwłokami], wszystko jest nieczyste.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
נשפך באויר – within the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with blood that is poured out and then lands on the ground and someone or something overshadows it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
אם היה מקומו קטפרס (if the place where he was standing was sloping) – if the place where the blood was split was a declivity/slope.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[Blood] which was poured out in the air: If the place [where it fell] was an incline and [a person or vessel] overshadowed part of it, he [remains] clean. If it was a cavity, or if the blood congealed, he [becomes] unclean. In this case the blood is poured out outside of a house. If it lands on an inclined space, and a person or vessel overshadows part of this blood, he/it is not considered to have overshadowed the entire quarter of a log. While the blood flows down the incline, each part is not considered to be connected to the other part and so he has overshadowed only part of the blood. However, if the blood falls into a cavity (a depression in the ground) or if it congeals then because the blood has stopped flowing when one overshadows part of the blood he is considered as having overshadowed all of it and he/it is impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והאהיל – and a person [overshadowed] over a part of it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If it was poured out on a threshold: If it inclined either inwards or outwards and the house overshadowed it [that which is in the house] is clean. If there was a cavity, or if it congealed, [that which is in the house becomes] unclean. In this case the blood is poured out onto the threshold outside of the house, and the house (or part of it) overshadows part of the blood. If the blood is on an incline and is still flowing (either towards or away from the house), then again the blood is not considered to be connected to its other parts and the people or vessels in the house are pure. In other words, we don't consider the house to be overshadowing the entire quarter of a log of blood. However, if the blood falls into a cavity or it congeals such that it is no longer flowing, the blood is connected to itself and the house conveys the impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
טהור – for a slope is not a connection.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
When teeth, hair and nails are separate from a corpse they are not impure as is the flesh and blood. However, when they are joined to the corpse, they are as impure as is everything else. Tomorrow's mishnah will continue to deal with this topic.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
היה אשבורן (a cavity for the reception of water) -a place where it is gathered, like within a hole/indentation.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
או שקרש (or it congealed/became solid) – the blood and even the sloping place, it is a combination and it is impure, and even if it overshadowed over part of it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
נשפך על האסקופה (if it was poured on the threshold/lintel) – like a kind of balcony/portico that is in front of the opening of the house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והיא קטפרס בין מפנים that tilts towards the inside.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בין מבחוץ – that tilts towards the outside.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והבית מאהיל – upon part of it. טהור – everything that is in the house from the defilement of the overshadowing of the tent, even though that ultimately the blood will descend inside, it is not a connection.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
חוץ מן השינים והשער והצפורן – as it is written (Numbers 19:16): “or human bone, or a grave, shall be impure seven days],” just as the bone which was created with it, and its stump/that which is cut does not grow again, even all that are created with it, and its stump/that which is cut does not grow again. They excluded teeth which sere not created with, they excluded hair and fingernails that when they are cut, do grow again.
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