Komentarz do Nidda 1:6
וּבַמֶּה אָמְרוּ דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ. בִּרְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה. אֲבָל בַּשְּׁנִיָּה, מְטַמְּאָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְאִם רָאֲתָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מֵאֹנֶס, אַף הַשְּׁנִיָּה דַּיָּהּ שְׁעָתָהּ:
A co powiedzieli, że jej godzina wystarczy? [Powiedzieli to] w odniesieniu do pierwszej obserwacji [krwi], ale przy drugiej [obserwacji] jest nieczysta [wstecz] od tego czasu do tego czasu [dwadzieścia cztery godziny wcześniej]. A jeśli ujrzała swoje pierwsze spostrzeżenie jako skutek przymusu [tj. Jeśli zostało ono spowodowane nienaturalnie, jak przez przypadek], to nawet przy drugim spostrzeżeniu wystarczy jej godzina [aby policzyć jej nieczystość od tej chwili].
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ובמה אמרו – that four women [fall into the category of those for whom the] time [of first seeing blood] suffices (see Mishnah 3).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Introduction
Today's mishnah offers a qualification to the rule that the women mentioned in mishnayot 3-5 defile only the things that they touched after they noticed that they had their period.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
בראיה ראשונה - that she saw it (i.e., blood) as a virgin, and the pregnant woman [once it is known that the fetus is present] and the nursing mother [when her son is weaned], and the old woman after three periods have gone by for her on account of her old age.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
And of what did they speak when they said that "it suffices [for them to reckon] their period of uncleanness from the time [of their discovering of the flow]"? [This refers to] the first observation, but after a second observation she defiles retroactively for a period of twenty-four hours. The first time one of these women (virgin, nursing woman, pregnant woman or old woman) sees a blood flow, she doesn't retroactively defile anything. But the second time she does, she reverts to the law found in mishnah one of this chapter. Everything she has touched during the previous twenty four hours, or since the last time she examined herself, is considered defiled.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
אבל בשניה מטמאה מעת לעת – that she has returned to her previous condition that her blood would be found in her.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If she saw the first flow on account of an accident even it suffices for her even a subsequent observation [to reckon her uncleanness from] the time of her [observing of the flow]. However, if her blood began to flow through some sort of unusual accident (Albeck mentions jumping or out of fright), then the second time she sees blood flow (assumedly not due to an accident) she doesn't retroactively defile things. In other words, since the first occurrence was "accidental" the second blood flow is treated as if it was the first.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מאונס – as for example that she got excited and saw it (i.e., blood) or on account of fear, or that she consumed something which stirs up the blood.
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