Komentarz do Maaserot 4:3
הַנּוֹטֵל זֵיתִים מִן הַמַּעֲטָן, טוֹבֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד בְּמֶלַח וְאוֹכֵל. אִם מָלַח וְנָתַן לְפָנָיו, חַיָּב. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמַּעֲטָן הַטָּהוֹר חַיָּב, וּמִן הַטָּמֵא פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:
Ten, kto wziął oliwki z kadzi, może zanurzać je pojedynczo w soli i jeść, ale jeśli je solił i kładł przed sobą, jest zobowiązany [oddać dziesięcinę]. Rabin Eliezer mówi: jest potrzebny z czystej kadzi, ale od nieczystego jest zwolniony, ponieważ odkłada resztki.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המעטן (vat or pit where olives are packed until they form a viscid mass) – place where pile upolives in order that they are softened and appropriate to extract their oil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with olives that were put into a vat in order to soften and prepare them for the pressing process.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
טובל אחד אחד במלח – for it does not establish [as liable for tithing] other than with salt and in a combination of two, therefore, if he salted it and placed it before him, he is liable [for tithing].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One who took olives from a vat may dip them one at a time in salt, and eat them. Salting the olives one at a time and eating them without tithing is okay because this individual salting does not make them liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מן המעטן הטהור חייב – as, for example, that a person who takes them is ritually impure, for it is impossible for him to return the surplus, for all those that he has taken have become ritually defiled in his hand.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
But if he salted them, and put them in front of him, he is liable [for tithes]. However, if he salts several olives which he took from the vat, then he can’t eat them without tithing. In other words, salting them together makes them liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מן הטמא פטור – for since the vat/pit where the olives are packed is all ritually impure [and the person] who takes them is ritually impure, he is return the surplus.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Eliezer said: from a pure vat he is liable but from an impure [vat] he is exempt because can put back the leftovers. According to Rabbi Eliezer if the vat was pure he cannot eat the olives without tithing them. The reason for this is that these olives have become susceptible to impurities because they came into contact with the olive oil inside the vat. If the purity of the olives in the vat has been preserved then he won’t want to put the olives back because the olives that he touched may have become impure. Since he won’t want to put them back, that which he takes out is be liable for tithes. If, in contrast, the vat was not pure, then he can put the olives back. The olives that he took out are not considered to be gathered together and they can be eaten without tithing.
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