Komentarz do Maaserot 4:1
הַכּוֹבֵשׁ, הַשּׁוֹלֵק, הַמּוֹלֵחַ, חַיָּב. הַמְכַמֵּן בָּאֲדָמָה, פָּטוּר. הַמְטַבֵּל בַּשָּׂדֶה, פָּטוּר. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים שֶׁיֵּצֵא מֵהֶם הַשְּׂרָף, פָּטוּר. הַסּוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, פָּטוּר. אִם סָחַט וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמְקַפֵּא לְתַבְשִׁיל, פָּטוּר. לִקְדֵרָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְבוֹר קָטָן:
Jeśli marynował, duszony lub solił [produkty] na polu, musi [oddawać dziesięcinę]. Jeśli przechowywał [produkty] w ziemi [w celu ogrzania], jest zwolniony. Jeśli zanurzył go [jeszcze] na polu, jest zwolniony. Jeśli podzieli oliwki, aby wydobyć się z nich gorzki smak, jest zwolniony. Jeśli wycisnął oliwki ze skóry, jest zwolniony. Jeśli ścisnął i włożył [olej] do ręki, jest wymagany. Ten, kto odtłuszcza [wino], aby włożyć je do naczynia, jest zwolniony z podatku, ale jeśli włożyłby je do [pustego] garnka, musi [oddać dziesięcinę], ponieważ jest to jak mała kadź.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הכובש (press/pickle) – vegetables or olives with vinegar or with wine, and similarly who boils or salts, even in the field he is obligated [to tithe]. For the flame and the salt and the business transaction and the heave-offering and the Sabbath and the courtyard guard it, each one of these establishes [the liability] for tithing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with various steps that make, or in some cases do not make, produce liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המכמן באדמה (hide fruits in the ground) – he who stores away produce under the ground in the manner that they customarily hide fruit that are not ripened all their need in order that they can [fully] ripen.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he pickled, stewed, or salted [produce], he is liable [to give tithes]. Cooking food always makes it liable for tithes. Our mishnah teaches that the same holds true for other ways of processing the produce, including pickling, stewing and even salting. Since these all serve to make raw food more edible, the person can now no longer eat from the produce without first tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
והמטבל (and one who seasons) – produce with salt or with brine or with vinegar and consumes it is exempt [from giving tithes], and it does not establish it [as liable] for tithing like one who pickles or salts, but rather, he eats from them an incidental meal/snack and is exempt from tithing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he stored [produce] in the ground [in order to warm it up] he is exempt. Sometimes people would store produce in the ground to warm it up a bit. The mishnah determines that this is not considered “cooking” and therefore he may continue to eat this food without first tithing it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הפוצע זיתים – crushes and pounds hem in order that their vegetable sap/resin should depart, which is their bitterness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he dipped it [while yet] in the field, he is exempt. It was normal to eat food by dipping it, much in the way we might dip vegetables in an onion dip. Such eating is not necessarily part of a formal meal and therefore he may continue to eat the produce without tithing it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הסוחט זיתים על בשרו – to rub his body.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he split olives so that the bitter taste may come out of them, he is exempt. Splitting olives in order to take out some of the bitter taste does not count as processing the olives so he may continue to eat them without tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לתוך ידו חייב – for what he put into his hand is considered as if he put it into a small pit, which is that pit that the wine and the oil descend into.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he squeezed olives against his skin, he is exempt. Similarly, if he squeezes the olives against his skin to get out some oil which he wants to rub on his dry skin, this is not considered processing the olive in order to eat it and he can eat the olives without tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
המקפה לתבשיל (he skims [a ladle of wine for use] in a stew) – he draws refuse that the wine brings up at the time of its boiling is called pulp, and if after he placed the wine in the cooked dish , he removed from it the exterior husks and the interior pomace that float above, this is the incidental froth and does not establish [liability for] tithing like the rest of the froth of wine in general, and we are speaking regarding a cold cooked dish, for itf it was a boiling cooked dish, we would say that the flame established [the liability for tithing, and without the froth, it would be established [liable for] tithing , on account of he flame.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
If he squeezed them and put [the oil] into his hand, he is liable. However, if he squeezes the olive in order to get oil out of it and put it in his hand so that he can eat the oil, he must tithe before he eats this oil. The key here is that he did something to the olive so that he could eat it, and he didn’t just take out the bitter taste or to put some oil on his skin, as was true in the previous sections.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לקדרה – an empty [pot], before that he put into it the cooked dish, he placed in it the wine and skimmed it, it wold be like he is skimming in a small pit and he is liable [for tithing].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One who makes a viscous liquid [from grapes or olives] in order to put it in a dish is exempt. When he makes this liquid (not yet considered wine or oil) and puts it in the dish which already has food in it, the liquid will disappear in the dish. Although he has put the liquid in food, it can still be eaten without tithing it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
But if to put it in an [empty] pot, he is liable for it is like a small vat. However, if he puts it in an empty pot, it is as if he put it in a vat to store it, thereby completing its processing. He now can no longer use the liquid without first tithing it.
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