Komentarz do Maaserot 3:3
הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּזֵיתִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל זֵיתִים, אוֹכֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד וּפָטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. לְנַכֵּשׁ בִּבְצָלִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל יָרָק, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב:
Ten, który wynajął robotnika do pracy przy oliwkach i powiedział mu: „Pod warunkiem, że zjem oliwki”, może jeść je pojedynczo i jest zwolniony [z dziesięciny]. Jeśli je połączył, musi [oddać dziesięcinę]. [Gdyby został wynajęty] do odchwaszczania cebuli i powiedział mu: „Pod warunkiem, że zjem warzywa”, może zrywać liść po liściu i jeść [bez dziesięciny]. Jeśli je połączył, musi [oddać dziesięcinę].
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לעשות בזיתים – to hoe and to cover up the roots of olive trees under the olives, but not to harvest, for now, he does not eat from the laws of the Torah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
According to the rabbis’ interpretation of the Torah, a worker may eat from his employer’s produce only if he is working at the end of the processing of the produce. If he is tending to the field, he may not pluck produce that is still attached to the ground and eat it. If the owner allows him to do so, this produce is considered wages, and cannot be eaten without first being tithed.
Our mishnah deals with a person who is working in a field but not at the time when the produce’s processing is being completed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
ואם צירף – two together, he liable, for this is something fixed/established.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One who hired a worker to work with olives and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the olives,” he may eat of them one at a time and be exempt [from tithes]. If, however, he gathered several together he is liable [for tithes]. Since this worker was working with the olives at a time when their processing was not completed, the olives that he does receive are part of his wages and hence cannot be eaten without being tithed. As we saw in yesterday’s mishnah, he can eat one olive at a time, but if he gathers them together, he cannot eat them without first tithing them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
לנכש בבצלים – to uproot the bad grasses that grow within the onions.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
[If he had been hired] to weed out onions, and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the vegetables,” he may pluck leaf by leaf, and eat [without tithing]. If, however, he gathered several together, he is liable [for tithes]. The section teaches basically the same rule with regard to a person hired to work weeding onions. He can pluck the leaves up one at a time and eat them, but he cannot gather them together and eat them without first tithing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מקרסם – to cut, and it is similar to (Psalms 80:14): “wild boards gnaw at it [and creatures of the field feed on it?]”
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