רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁיָּפֶה כֹחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, הוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. מְקוֹם שֶׁהוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, יָפֶה כֹחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. פֵּרוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ:
R. Szimon mówi: Miejsce, w którym jego siła jest większa, kiedy wchodzi, jego siła jest mniejsza, kiedy odchodzi [jeśli przychodzi, by się z nią rozwieść]; a miejsce, w którym jego siła jest mniejsza, kiedy wchodzi, jego siła jest większa, kiedy odchodzi. Owoce związane z ziemią należą do niego, kiedy ona wchodzi [to znaczy, kiedy ziemia spada na nią, są jego, jak mówią mędrcy.], A kiedy ona wychodzi, są jej. A co jest wyrwane z ziemi—kiedy ona wchodzi, są jej, a kiedy wychodzi, są jego. [Mędrcy i R. Szimon będą się różnić w odniesieniu do owoców związanych z ziemią, kiedy ona wyjeżdża, a mędrcy o nich nie wspominają. Nie zgadzają się z R. Shimonem, że kiedy odchodzi, są jej, i uważają, że to, co rośnie w jego królestwie, jest jego. Halacha jest zgodna z R. Szimonem.]
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
Rabbi Shimon teaches a general rule to help govern what belongs to the husband and what belongs to the wife.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
פירות המחוברים לקרקע בכניסתה שלו – meaning to say, at the time of their falling/coming [into inheritance] they are his (i.e., the husband’s) according to the words of the Sages, but there is a difference between the Sages and Rabbi Shimon regarding produce that was attached [to the ground] at the time of her going forth [from the marriage; i.e., divorce}, but the Sages do not speak of them and they don’t hold [this way] regarding that that Rabbi Shimon stated, that when she went forth [from the marriage because of divorce], whatever grew in his domain is his, but the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Rabbi Shimon says: In respect to that in which the husband is at an advantage when he marries his wife he is at a disadvantage when he divorces her and in respect to that in which he is at a disadvantage when he marries her he is at an advantage when he divorces her. Produce which is attached to the ground is the husband’s when he marries his wife and hers when he divorces her, Produce that is detached from the ground is hers when she marries but the husband’s when she is divorced. In this mishnah Rabbi Shimon teaches a simple way of remembering which produce belongs to the husband and which produce belongs to the wife during marriage and after its dissolution. When the marriage begins, and as part of her dowry she brings a field that has on it produce attached to the ground, that produce is considered to be like produce grown after the marriage, and it belongs to him. This is the opinion of the Sages in the previous mishnah. When the marriage is dissolved through death or divorce the produce attached to the ground remains the property of the woman, as does the ground itself. In an opposite direction, produce which is detached from the ground is hers when she is married. If she brings this as part of her dowry, then it is used to buy land, as we learned above. However, at the time of divorce, detached produce already belongs to the husband and he need not return it to his wife.
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