Są trzy krainy do małżeństwa. [Jeśli mężczyzna poślubił kobietę w jednym z nich, nie może jej zmusić, aby wyszła za nim z kraju do kraju]: Juda, Trans-Jordan i Galil. Nie można wyprowadzać (swojej żony) z miasta (w jednym kraju) do miasta (w innym) ani z kracha do kracha. [Krach jest większy niż miasto. To miejsce targów; ludzie przyjeżdżają tam handlować zewsząd i wszystkie rzeczy tam się znajdują.] Ale na tej samej ziemi można ją zabrać z miasta do miasta iz Kracha do Kracha, ale nie z miasta do Kracha [Albowiem trudno mieszkają w krach, krachim jest bardzo zatłoczony, a domy napierają na siebie nawzajem i trzymają się z dala od powietrza.] lub z krach do miasta. [Bo wszystko, co można znaleźć w krachu, ale nie w mieście.] Można ją zabrać ze złego miejsca do dobrego, ale nie z dobrego do złego. R. Szimon b. Gamliel mówi: Nawet ze złego do dobrego, bo dobre mieszkanie „wyszukuje” [ciało i powoduje, że jest chore. Bo „zmiana reżimu”, nawet na dobre, jest początkiem choroby jelit. Halacha jest zgodna z R. Shimon b. Gamliel. A jeśli mężczyzna z Galila poślubił kobietę z Judy, lub wręcz przeciwnie, to zmuszamy ją, aby wyszła z nim, ponieważ to był taki pogląd, że ją poślubił. W każdym razie zabiera ją z miasta z większością bałwochwalców do miasta z większością Żydów, ale nie z miasta z większością Żydów do miasta z większością bałwochwalców.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
שלש ארצות לנשואין – if a person married a woman in one of these [lands], he cannot force her to go out after him one country/land to another.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
The final two mishnayoth of Ketuboth deal mostly with a husband (and in the next mishnah) a wife’s ability to force the other spouse to change residences.
Our mishnah presents limitations on when a husband is allowed to force his wife to move. Note that if both parties agree to the move, there is no problem. The mishnah only discusses cases where one party does not want to move.
We should also note that when the mishnah mentions “force” it does not mean that the husband can physically force his wife to move. It means that if she disagrees, he may divorce her without paying her the ketubah. The Mishnah never sanctions physical force of a wife. The consequences of non-compliance are always economic.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
כרך – larger than a city, and it is a place of markets, and from everywhere around it, [people] come there for business and for all things that are found in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
[The following regions are regarded as] three countries in respect of marriage: Judaea, Transjordan and Galilee. The mishnah divides the land of Israel into three parts: Judea, the other side of the Jordan river (Transjordan) and the northern region the Galilee. This separation is important for issues of marriage because, as we shall see, a husband can never force his wife to move from one region to another, but within the same region he can sometimes force her to move with him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
אבל לא מעיר לעיר – for dwelling in the cities is hard for everyone resides there and crowds and the houses are close to one another and there is no air.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
[A husband] may not take out [his wife with him] from one town to another or from one city to an other. But within the same country he may take her out with him from one town into another town or from one city into an other city, but not from a town to a city nor from a city to a town. The husband cannot force his wife to move from one region to another, even from one town (small) to another town, or from one city (larger than a town) to another city. However, within the same region he may force her to move from one type to the same type; from a town to a town or from a city to a city. He may never force her to move from a town to a city, for she may like the intimacy of living in a small town. Similarly, he may never force her to move from a city to a town, for she may prefer the hustle and bustle of the city. The mishnah does not believe that either a city or a town is objectively better than the other; both have pluses and minuses.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולא מכרך לעיר – since in the [big] city, is found all kinds of things; in the town, all sorts of things are not found.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
[A man] may take out [his wife with him] from an inferior to a superior dwelling, but not from a superior to an inferior dwelling. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: not even from an inferior dwelling to a superior dwelling, because the [change to a] superior dwelling tests. According to the first opinion, no woman should prefer to live in an inferior dwelling place. In this case, we can objectively determine which is preferable and therefore the husband can force his wife to move. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says that a superior dwelling place is not necessarily in every way better than an inferior one. The superior dwelling “tests” the body. This means that any move may be harmful to one’s physical health, even to a better place. Therefore, if the woman does not want to move, her husband cannot force her to do so. An alternative explanation for “tests” is that in a superior dwelling a woman will constantly have to check her appearance. She may not want the pressure of having to always keep up appearance in front of the neighbors.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
מפני שהנוה היפה בודק – the body and makes it sick. For the change in the period, even for [her] good is the beginning of stomach illness. But the Halakha is according to Rabban Gamaliel. But if a person from the land of the Galilee married a woman from the land of Judea or its opposite, we force her to go out with him, for it is on that account that he married her. And in every place, we remove [someone] from a city where most of it is idolatrous to a city where the majority is Israelite, but not from a city where its majority is Israelite to a city where its majority is idolatrous.
