[Jeśli] ktoś zjadł zakazany tłuszcz dwukrotnie pod jednym zaklęciem nieświadomości, jest odpowiedzialny za jeden Chattat . Jeśli zjadł zakazany tłuszcz i krew, i notar [ofiara, która staje się niezdatna z powodu nieskonsumpowania po przekroczeniu dozwolonego czasu] i Piggul [ofiara, która staje się niezdatna z powodu intencji odprawiającego kapłana podczas składania jej, aby ją skonsumować po upływie dozwolonego czasu] pod jednym urokiem nieświadomości odpowiada za każdy rodzaj. Jest to [przykład], w którym różne rodzaje [materiału] są bardziej rygorystyczne niż jeden rodzaj. I [istnieje] surowość z jednym rodzajem [materiału] w porównaniu z kilkoma rodzajami, tak że jeśli [ktoś] zjadł połowę oliwy [zakazanego materiału], a potem znowu połowę oliwki tego samego rodzaju, jest odpowiedzialny; [jeśli te dwie części były] dwóch rodzajów, on jest zwolniony.
Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
חלב וחלב – two olives of forbidden fat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Introduction
This mishnah begins discussing the topic of how to divide one act of transgressing into several transgressions, such that a person would be considered as having transgressed only one, or join separate acts into one act such that a person would be liable independently for each act. This is a topic of immense interest to the rabbis and they will continue to discuss it throughout the chapter and even in chapter four.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
בהעלם אחד – but two acts of forgetfulness/brought to his knowledge, he would be liable on each one, for we hold that the acts of forgetfulness divide.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
If one twice ate forbidden fat in one spell of unawareness, he is liable to but one hatat. If a person ate forbidden fat twice, but both times he was unaware of what he was doing, for instance he didn’t know that what he was eating was forbidden fat, he is liable for only one hatat. As long as he was not informed of his sin in between the acts, this counts as only one sin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
ממין אחד חייב – this comes to tell us that even though the two halves of olives are not from one tray/charity plate, , that is, from one cooked dish, but they are cooked separately, even so, ethey combine, because the plates do not separate.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
If one ate forbidden fat, blood, piggul and notar in one spell of unawareness, he is liable for each kind. However, if he ate different kinds of prohibited substances within one period of unawareness, meaning he was not told in between each item that what he is eating is prohibited, he is liable for a hatat for each kind of prohibited substance. This is because each is its own prohibition. “Piggul” is sacrificial meat that was offered with a disqualifying intention, and “notar” is remnant, sacrificial meat left over beyond the time when it must be eaten.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
This is an instance where different kinds [of food] are more stringent than one kind. As the Mishnah so often does, it compares the above case with another case, noting that sometimes eating differently prohibited substances is treated more stringently, and sometimes it is treated more leniently. The above case is one in which it was treated more stringently.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
In the following instance, however, one kind [of food] is more stringent than several kinds: if one ate half an olive-size and then again half an olive-size, both in one spell of unawareness, if of one kind he is liable, if of two kinds, he is exempted. In contrast, if a person eats half of an olive’s worth of one prohibited substance and then another half of an olive of the same substance, he is liable for a hatat, because he ate one olive’s worth, the amount necessary to be liable. If the two half-olives were of different substances, then he is exempt because he didn’t eat an olive’s worth of a single prohibited substance.
