Komentarz do Kelim 5:7
תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּטְמָא, כֵּיצַד מְטַהֲרִין אוֹתוֹ. חוֹלְקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, וְגוֹרֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִגְרֹר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה, וְלֹא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בָאָרֶץ, אֶלָּא מְמַעֲטוֹ מִבִּפְנִים אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, וְצָרִיךְ לְהַסִּיעוֹ. חִלְּקוֹ לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר. חֲלָקוֹ לִשְׁלֹשָׁה, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל כִּשְׁנַיִם, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא, וּשְׁנַיִם הַקְּטַנִּים טְהוֹרִין:
Piec, w którym doszło do nieczystości - jak jest oczyszczany? Dzieli się go na trzy części i zeskrobuje tynk tak, aby [piec] dotykał ziemi. Rabin Meir mówi: nie jest konieczne zeskrobywanie tynku ani [piec], aby dotykał ziemi. Raczej zmniejsza go do wysokości mniejszej niż cztery tefachim . Rabin Szimon mówi: należy go przesunąć [z pozycji]. Jeśli jest podzielony na dwie części, jedną dużą, a drugą małą, większa pozostaje nieczysta, a mniejsza staje się czysta. Jeśli zostanie podzielony na trzy części, z których jedna była tak duża jak pozostałe dwie razem, duża pozostaje nieczysta, a dwie małe stają się czyste.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תנור שנטמא – an oven that is made like large pot that lacks rims and is carried, when one comes to affix it, one attaches it to the ground and affixes plaster from the outside and makes it thick in order that it will preserve its heat/warmth, and we call it plastering that he plasters it and attaches it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Our mishnah discusses how one can purify an oven. To recall, in the time of the mishnah the oven was like an upside down pot, and it was attached to the ground before it was used. To provide with extra insulation, they would cover the walls with clay.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כיצד מטהרים אותו – how much should be its breaking so that it purifies it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If an oven contracted impurity how is it to be cleansed? He must divide into three parts and scrape off the plastering so that [the oven] touches the ground. According to the first opinion, the first step in purifying an oven is to divide it into three parts, from top to bottom. As we will learn in the final clause, he should divide it so that no part is equal to half of the oven. Then he scrapes off the clay on the outside of the oven. This either refers to the clay that covers the wall of the oven, or the clay which attaches the oven to the ground. In either case, the oven has now ceased to be a functional vessel and is therefore no longer impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חולקו לשלשה – to the vessel itself from the inside. For if it is into two parts, the larger part is impure, for it is the majority.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Rabbi Meir says: he does not need to scrape off the plastering nor is it necessary for [the oven] to touch the ground. Rather he reduces it within to a height of less than four handbreadths. Rabbi Meir is a bit less strict. To purify the oven, he can split the oven from inside, without removing the layer of clay on the outside. The split should be less than four handbreadths from the ground. Since Rabbi Meir holds that any oven that is not four handbreadths from the ground is not susceptible to impurity (see 5:1) this oven is now pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וגורר את הטפילה – [he scrapes off the plaster] that is glued to it, for it is also attaches it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Rabbi Shimon says: he must move it [from its position]. Rabbi Shimon rules more strictly than either two previous opinions. Not only must he split the oven and scrape off the coating, but he must also move it from its position.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עד שיהא בארץ – meaning to say, he lowers it down until the ground. Alternatively, it refers to dividing it, and it is not sufficient when dividing it until its majority, but dividing until it reaches the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If it was divided into two parts, one large and the other small, the larger remains unclean and the smaller becomes clean. If he split it into only two pieces, one large and one small, the small piece is pure because it is less than half the size of the original oven. The large piece remains impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ולא עד שיהא בארץ – but not to divide it until below it is near the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If it was divided into three parts one of which was as big as the other two together, the big one remains unclean and the two small ones become clean. Furthermore, if he split it into three pieces but one piece was still as large as the other two combined, then the large piece is still impure because it is more than half of the size of the oven. In other words, when section one stated that the oven must be split into three, it meant that no piece should be more than half of the size of the original oven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אלא ממעטו מבפנים – unitl there should not remain four handbreadths which is the measure of the beginning of the oven. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
צריך להסיעו – even though he divided it, he did not purify it until he separates the parts from each other. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הגדול טמא- because there is the majority of the oven.
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