Komentarz do Kelim 3:1

שיעור כלי חרס ליטהר (the measure – of the perforation/hole in an earthenware vessel to render it clean) – that it further not be susceptible to receive defilement. And if it was impure, it was purified as if it was broken entirely, that further it is not appropriate/fit for its matter and its inside is not considered. Even if it was an arched, pouched vessel/jug for dried figs and/or nuts and it was perforated when removing olives, it is pure, all the while that he did not go back and designate it afterwards to receive in it pomegranates and things like them. But if he went back and designated it to receive in it pomegranates, it is impure until a perforation is made when removing a pomegranate, and from when it was perforated while removing a pomegranate, it no longer becomes susceptible to receiving [ritual] impurity.

Introduction As we have learned previously, if an earthenware vessel is broken, it becomes clean. "Broken" would include a vessel that has a hole in it. The general rule is that if the hole is large enough to make the vessel unusable, it is clean. Our mishnah begins discussing how large the holes need to be in various vessels for them to be rendered pure.

שיעורו במשקין – the hole/perforation that when they place the vessel over the liquids, the liquids enter through that hole into the vessel, and it is a larger hole from that which releases liquids.

The size of a hole that renders an earthen vessel clean:
If the vessel was made for food, the hole must be big enough for olives [to fall through]. If the vessel was made to hold food, it is impure until the hole is big enough to let out olives. Olive's are often the standard size used in food measures.

לכך ולכך – such as a pot that they cook meat in, even though they don’t place in it food without liquid, for the liquid is not recognized for it was perforated for the entrance of liquid, even so, we follow the stringent position, that it is not [ritually] pure until it will be perforated for the removal of olives.

If it was used for liquids it suffices for the hole to be big enough for liquids [to go through it]. If the vessel was used for liquids, then the hole must be large enough to let the liquids escape.

And if it was used for both, we apply the greater stringency, that olives must be able to fall through. If a vessel was used for both food and liquids, then the rule is stringent. If the hole is big enough to let out liquid but not food then the vessel is still partially usable, so the vessel is still susceptible to impurity.