Komentarz do Demaj 4:4

מי שקרא שם לתרומת מעשר של דמאי – that stated that the heave-offering of the tithe (i.e., by which the Levite gives a Kohen one-tenth of what he had received from an Israelite) that I am obligated to separate from this pile, will be placed in the north or in the south and he should not set it aside. But the heave-offering of the tithe of doubtfully tithed produce that he took because the Israelite designated it and gave it to the Kohen and he takes the tithe for himself, but the heave-offering of that which is definitely required being tithed an Israelite does not designate it, but rather he gives the tithe to the Levie and the Levite separates the heave-offering of the tithe and gives it to the Kohen.

Introduction This mishnah deals with the prohibition of separating terumah and tithes on Shabbat.

לא יטלם – in order to give them to the Kohen or to the poor person that is in the courtyard or that is the alleyway, for it is forbidden to give gifts to the Kohen or to the poor on Shabbat. But when he is accustomed to eat with him, meaning to say who regularly eats at his table, it is permitted, as long as he informs them that they are the heave-offering of the tithe or of the Poor Man’s tithe, for if he does not inform them and they think that he is feeding them from his own, it would be like feeding his guests heave-offering and/or Poor Man’s tithe(s) which is forbidden.

One who had designated the terumat maaser of demai, or the poor man’s tithe of produce that had certainly not been tithed, he should not separate them on Shabbat. In the scenario described in this mishnah, during the week a person had designated that a certain portion of his demai produce would be terumat maaser (the terumah taken from the tithe) or that a certain portion of his certainly untithed produce would be poor man’s tithe. He had not yet separated these gifts from the rest of the produce. Even though he had already designated them, he may not actually separate them on Shabbat in order to give them to the priest or to the poor person. Again, one is not allowed to separate terumah or tithes on Shabbat. The mishnah uses the example of poor man’s tithe taken from produce that had certainly not been tithed and not from demai (which might have been tithed), because if the produce had been demai, he would not have to give the tithe to the poor person, as we learned in yesterday’s mishnah.

But if the priest or the poor man regularly ate with him, they may come and eat provided that he informs them. If there was a priest or a poor person who regularly comes to his home to eat with him, then they may come on Shabbat and take the terumah or poor man’s tithe that has already been designated as such. However, the owner of the produce must inform the priest or poor man that what they are taking is terumat maaser or poor man’s tithe. If he does not, he has not fulfilled the mitzvah of giving these gifts to the priest or the poor person.