Komentarz do Chullin 5:4
בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְרָקִים אֵלּוּ מַשְׁחִיטִין אֶת הַטַּבָּח בְּעַל כָּרְחוֹ. אֲפִלּוּ שׁוֹר שָׁוֶה אֶלֶף דִּינָרִין וְאֵין לוֹ לַלּוֹקֵחַ אֶלָּא דִינָר, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לִשְׁחֹט, לְפִיכָךְ, אִם מֵת, מֵת לַלּוֹקֵחַ. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, אֵינוֹ כֵן. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם מֵת, מֵת לַמּוֹכֵר:
We wspomnianych czterech okresach [lub dniach] rzeźnik może być zmuszony do zabicia bydła wbrew jego woli. Nawet gdyby miał wołu wartego tysiąc dinarów, a byłby kupiec tylko za jednego dinara mięsa, będzie zmuszony go ubić. Stąd, jeśli zwierzę w międzyczasie umrze [w sposób naturalny], strata spada na kupującego; ale w innych przypadkach tak nie jest, gdyż kiedy zwierzę umiera z samego siebie, strata spada na sprzedawcę [lub rzeźnika].
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
He slaughters the meat against his will: That if he accepts a Dinar from the buyer, he gives him a Dinar's worth of meat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Introduction
This mishnah is a continuation of the end of yesterday’s mishnah, where we learned that there were four periods of the year when people ate more meat. This mishnah teaches us another ramification of the fact that there were four major times to eat meat during the year.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
At these four periods a butcher can be compelled to slaughter against his will. Even if the ox was worth a thousand dinars and the purchaser has only [paid] a dinar, they can force the butcher to slaughter it. At these four times of the year (see yesterday’s mishnah for the list) a butcher can be compelled to slaughter an animal and sell the meat. This is so even if the ox to be slaughtered is worth a tremendous amount and there is only one person who wants to buy a small amount of meat. In other words, it is so important that there be meat available to celebrate these occasions, that the halakhah forces the butcher to slaughter and sell, even if he risks a loss.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
לפיכך אם מת מת ללוקח – And he loses his Denar, for it died when it was in his domain–possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Therefore if the animal died, the loss is upon the purchaser. At these four times, the butcher had no choice but to sell and once he agreed to sell the meat, he could not change his mind. Therefore, if the animal should die before the buyer receives his meat, the buyer loses his one denar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
אינו כן – for we require “pulling” and all the while that he didn’t “pull,” the butcher can retract.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
At other times of the year it is not so, therefore if the animal died, the loss is upon the seller. At other times of the year, the law is exactly the opposite. First of all, the butcher is not compelled to sell. Second, he can retract the sale so long as the purchaser has not received the meat (this is the typical law with regard to sales). If he sees that there are not enough people interested in buying the meat, he can simply decide not to slaughter. The animal is fully his until it is given over. Therefore, if someone has already paid for the meat, but the animal dies before it is slaughtered, the butcher must return the money.
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