Komentarz do Chullin 4:7
הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וּמָצָא בָהּ שִׁלְיָא, נֶפֶשׁ הַיָּפָה תֹּאכְלֶנָּה, וְאֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה לֹא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין וְלֹא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת. חִשֵּׁב עָלֶיהָ, מְטַמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין אֲבָל לֹא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת. שִׁלְיָא שֶׁיָּצְתָה מִקְצָתָהּ, אֲסוּרָה בַאֲכִילָה. סִימַן וָלָד בָּאִשָּׁה, וְסִימַן וָלָד בַּבְּהֵמָה. הַמְבַכֶּרֶת שֶׁהִפִּילָה שִׁלְיָא, יַשְׁלִיכֶנָּה לִכְלָבִים. וּבַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין, תִּקָּבֵר. וְאֵין קוֹבְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּפָרָשַׁת דְּרָכִים, וְאֵין תּוֹלִין אוֹתָהּ בְּאִילָן, מִפְנֵי דַּרְכֵי הָאֱמֹרִי:
[Jeśli] ktoś zabił zwierzę i znalazł w nim łożysko, może je zjeść osoba krzepka. I nie traktuje nieczystości jako pożywienia ani jako nieczystości nevelot . [Jeśli] ktoś uważał go za [jadalny], to zabija nieczystość jako pożywienie, ale nie zanieczyszcza nevelot . Zabrania się spożywania łożyska, którego część wystawała. To [odstające łożysko] jest znakiem potomstwa dla kobiety, a dla zwierzęcia znakiem potomstwa. [Dla] zwierzęcia, które nigdy nie urodziło i nie poroniło łożyska, [łożysko] jest rzucane na psy. W przypadku mukdashim [zwierząt lub pokarmu, które są święte i niedostępne do ogólnego spożycia], jest ono grzebane. I nie zakopujemy go na skrzyżowaniu dróg ani nie wieszamy na drzewie z powodu [zakazu podążania] drogami Amorytów.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
שליא (placenta–after-birth) – a jind of pocket where the fetus is placed into it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with the status of the amniotic sac found in a slaughtered animal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נפש היפה – for it is not counted on in his mind (and therefore forbidden to handle) on account of its repulsiveness.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If a person slaughtered an animal and found in it an amniotic sac, he who is not fastidious may eat it. When the mother is slaughtered, her amniotic sac is permitted to be eaten by virtue of the slaughtering of the mother. However, the mishnah notes that only one who is “not fastidious” and doesn’t mind eating “yucky” parts of the animal will eat it. [I guess they didn’t have hot dogs back then.]
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
תאכלנה – but we don’t say that it is the limb from a living animal (i.e., one of the seven Noahide commandments), but also is a remnant from the ritual slaughtering of the mother [animal].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
It does not contract uncleanness, either food uncleanness or the uncleanness of nevelah. Although it is edible, the amniotic sac is not considered food. Nor is it considered to be the flesh/meat of the animal. Therefore, it cannot become ritually unclean in the way that food becomes ritually unclean. Furthermore, if the animal is not slaughtered properly and therefore becomes a nevelah, it is not unclean as is a nevelah. The sac is not considered to the edible flesh of the animal, and only such flesh is unclean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ואינה מטמאה – as it is not considered food.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If he intended to eat it, it can contract food uncleanness but not the uncleanness of nevelah. If a person intends to eat it, his thoughts cause it to become “food” and it is susceptible to uncleanness. However, intention cannot cause the sac to become a “nevelah” because it is categorically not considered part of the edible flesh of the animal.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ולא טומאת נבילות – if the animal died.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If part of the amniotic sac emerged [before the slaughtering of the mother], it may not be eaten; For it is a sign of birth in a woman and also a sign of birth in an animal. Once the sac begins to emerge it is considered as if the woman has begun to give birth, for the head might be inside the sac. Therefore, even if the sac goes back inside the mother’s womb, it still cannot be eaten, even if found in the mother after she was slaughtered. In this sense is treated as if it was offspring and once offspring has emerged from the womb it cannot be eaten by virtue of the mother being slaughtered. However, the main difference is that while the offspring cannot be eaten based on its mother being slaughtered, the offspring itself can be slaughtered. In contrast, when the sac cannot be eaten based on the mother being slaughtered, it can never be eaten. Once the sac begins to emerge, it is a sign of childbirth in a woman as well, again because the head might be inside the sac. From this point she has the uncleanness of a woman who gave birth (see Leviticus 12:2).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
מטמאה טומאת אוכלין (if he gave thought to it – for use as food) – of it came in contact with defilement, that his thought considers it as food. But not the uncleanness of carrion, for it is not meat but rather, merely like the rest of food in general.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If an animal which was pregnant for the first time miscarried an amniotic sac, it may be thrown to dogs. But in the case of a consecrated animal it must be buried. It may not be buried at cross-roads or hung on a tree, for these are amorite practices. The amniotic sac itself does not have the halakhic status of “offspring.” Therefore, the amniotic sac of an animal’s first birth does not have the sanctity of a firstling. It can be thrown to the dogs, whereas if it was sacred it would have had to have been buried. While it is not considered offspring, the sac is still part of the animal. Therefore, if it comes from a sanctified animal, one that was dedicated to the Temple, it must be buried because it is holy. The mishnah forbids practices that are deemed idolatrous or magical. It seems that some people bestowed amniotic sacs with magical powers and either hung them in a tree or buried them at crossroads. Magical practices are deemed to be “the ways of the Amorites” and are prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
אסורה באכילה – and even though only a small part of it (i..e, the placenta–after-birth) came out, and it is obvious that all that all of the cleansing of the fetus was not there, we are concerned perhaps that with that particular piece, the head of the offspring came out and that is considered like it is born.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
[הכי גרסינן] סימן ולד באשה. וסימן ולד בבהמה: המבכרת – this is her first issue of her womb.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ישליכנה לכלבים – for there is no sanctity in it. For even though there is no placenta–after-birth without a offspring, here, the majority is not sanctified, for perhaps it was a female, or it was an animal suspected of looking like one (i.e., a lamb looking like a kid and vice-versa – or a hybrid), and it is not holy (see Mishnah 1 of this chapter).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ובמוקדשין – as, for example, the cattle of peace-offering–well-being which expelled the after-birth–placenta.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
תקבר – for since there is no after-birth–placenta without offspring, it is sanctified, for whether a male or a female that left from the animal that was sanctified to the Temple is holy.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
בפרשת דרכים – a place where the paths separate into two. And the path of diviners to bury her there in order that she will not abort anymore.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
דרכי האמורי – sorcery, as it is written (Exodus 23:24}: “[you shall not bow down to the gods in worship] or follow their practices.”
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