Komentarz do Chullin 3:4
וְאֵלּוּ כְשֵׁרוֹת בָּעוֹף. נִקְּבָה הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת אוֹ שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, הִכַּתָּהּ חֻלְדָּה עַל רֹאשָׁהּ, מְקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ טְרֵפָה, נִקַּב הַזֶּפֶק. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִטָּל. יָצְאוּ בְנֵי מֵעֶיהָ וְלֹא נִקְּבוּ, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ גַפֶּיהָ, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ רַגְלֶיהָ, נִמְרְטוּ כְנָפֶיהָ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִטְּלָה הַנּוֹצָה, פְּסוּלָה:
Następujące przypadki to Cashér u ptactwa: gdy tchawica jest perforowana lub podzielona; gdy został ugryziony przez łasicę w głowę, w miejscu, gdzie nie czyni go Terefa; gdy uprawa jest perforowana i, według Ribiego, nawet jeśli narząd ten jest całkowicie pozbawiony; gdy jelita wystawały z ciała bez perforacji; gdy jego skrzydła lub nogi są połamane, albo gdy odrywa się duże pióra; R. Jehuda mówi: „To jest Pasool, gdy zostaje obnażony z upierzenia”.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ניקבה הגרגרת או שנסדקה – the perforation of the windpipe–gullet and its splitting in fowl, is like the perforation of the windpipe–gullet and its splitting in cattle. And we have explained this above (Mishnah 1 and Mishnah 3). If a perforation was made which has a loss, if the loss is like he measure of most of the cavity of the windpipe of that fowl, it is “torn,” and if not, it is kosher.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
Introduction
Today’s mishnah teaches what defects do not render birds into a terefah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
זפק (bird’s crop) – I is adjacent to the gullet. And all which goes with the gullet when the fowl pulls its neck, its law is like that of the gullet and its perforation is of the smallest amount, but if the rest of the bird’s crop was perforated, it is Kosher.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
And the following [defects] do not render birds terefah:
If the windpipe was pierced or cracked lengthwise; This is the same defect that does not cause a beast to be a terefah (see mishnah two).
If the windpipe was pierced or cracked lengthwise; This is the same defect that does not cause a beast to be a terefah (see mishnah two).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
רבי אומר אפילו ניטל (even if It is removed)– But the Halakha is not according to Rebbe (i.e., Yehuda HaNasi).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If a weasel struck it on the head in such a place as would not render it terefah. The opposite of the section two in yesterday’s mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
יצאו בני מעיה – it was not taught other than that at the time when they entered into it (i.e., the intestines), he did not switch its upper part (of the intestines to the lower part, or this round part above from where it was, when he switched this one to the top and that one to the bottom. But if he reversed them, it is “torn,” for since one of them was reversed, it is not able to live.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If the crop was pierced Rabbi says: even if it was gone. Since I don’t know exactly what a “crop” is, I looked it up in Wikipedia. There the crop is defined in the following manner: “In a bird's digestive system, the crop is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. It is a part of the digestive tract, essentially an enlarged part of the esophagus. As with most other organisms that have a crop, the crop is used to temporarily store food. Not all birds have a crop.” According to the first opinion, if the crop is pierced, the animal is not a terefah, but if the crop is missing, it is a terefah. Rabbi rules even more leniently and holds that even if the crop is removed, it is not a terefah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נשתברו גפיה – the bones of the wings [were broken), and especially if they were broken, but the detaching of a wing in a fowl, makes it “torn,” we suspect, that perhaps, the lung was punctured. For since the lung is hidden between the ribs and the soft and thin membrane of the skin that is between each rib and when one detaches its wing, we tear loose the lung with the wing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If the innards protruded [from the body] but were not pierced. As long as the innards were not pierced, the bird is not a terefah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נשתברו רגליה – from the knee and its surrounding parts and below, or even above, if the bone did not protrude outwards, it is taught in (chapter 4 of Tractate Hullin), “A beast which was in hard labor,” that it is “torn,” and there we will explain it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If its wings were broken, or its legs; or if [the wing’s] feathers were plucked. Rabbi Judah says: if its down was gone it is invalid. A broken limb and plucked feathers on the wings do not make the bird into a terefah. Rabbi Judah holds, that if the bird’s soft cover of down was removed, it is a terefah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נמרטו כנפיה (if its wing feathers are plucked) – that is the large feathers–down that are on her body.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נוצה – this is the soft [feathers] on the skin, which lack on it reeds, for it is considered like a hide. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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