Minimalna miara chałki to jedna dwudziesta czwarta [ciasta]. Jeśli ktoś robi ciasto dla siebie, albo robi ciasto na ucztę swego syna, [wtedy miara minimalna wynosi] jedną dwudziestą czwartą. Jeśli piekarz wyrabia [ciasto] na sprzedaż na targu, a kobieta [ciasto] na sprzedaż na targu, [minimalna miara] to jedna czterdzieści ósma. Jeśli jej ciasto stało się nieczyste przez pomyłkę lub przypadkowo, [minimalna miara] wynosi jedną czterdziestą ósmą. Jeśli została umyślnie zbezczeszczona, jest to jedna dwudziesta czwarta, aby grzesznik nie odnosił korzyści [ze swojego grzechu].
Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
אחד מעשרים וארבעה – for every house owner, his dough was thin, and less than one twenty-fourth, it lacks what can be a gift, and the Torah stated that it should be given, that it should have within it in order to be given.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
Introduction
This mishnah teaches the minimum measure of hallah that a person must separate from his dough. We should note that this measure is not set by the Torah. According to Torah law, even the tiniest amount would exempt the dough. However, as we saw in the case of terumah, the rabbis set a minimum amount. The fact that this amount is not considered to be from the Torah, also allowed them the ability to make the amount variable depending on the circumstance.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
והעושה למשתה בנו – even though that he makes a great amount of dough, he does not separate with the dough of the owner.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
The [minimum] measure of hallah is one twenty-fourth [part of the dough]. In general, one must give 1/24 of one’s dough to a kohen as hallah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
נחתום העושה למכור בשוק – his dough is greater, and with one in forty- eight, there is where with to give as a gift.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
If he makes dough for himself, or if he makes it for his son’s [wedding] banquet, it is one twenty-fourth. The above is true for a person who makes dough for own personal use, or for use at a family celebration.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
וכן האשה העושה למכור – even though her dough is thin, he does not separate with the bread that is made to sell.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
If a baker makes to sell in the market, and so [also] if a woman makes to sell in the market, it is one forty-eighth. The rabbis were lenient when it came to a baker or a woman making dough to sell in the market. Since these people tend to make larger quantities, even 1/48 will be sufficient enough to give something substantial to the kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Challah
נטמאה – since it stands to be burned one out of forty-eight
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
If dough is made unclean either unwittingly or by an unforeseeable circumstance, it is one forty-eighth. When one has dough that was made impure either unwittingly, or by some unforeseeable circumstance, s/he only has to give 1/48 as hallah. Since this hallah won’t be able to be eaten anyway, only a minimal measurement is required.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Challah
If it was made unclean intentionally, it is one twenty-fourth, in order that a sinner should not profit. However, if he intentionally makes it unclean in order to get away with giving less hallah, he must give the larger measure. Clearly, we don’t want a person to make his dough unclean so that he can get away with giving less hallah. Remember, the part of the dough that is not hallah can still be eaten, so if he were to get away with giving the lesser amount, a “sinner would profit.”
