Komentarz do Bechorot 6:9
מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהַלְּחִי הַתַּחְתּוֹן עוֹדֵף עַל הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְשָׁלַח רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לַחֲכָמִים וְאָמְרוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה מוּם. אֹזֶן הַגְּדִי שֶׁהָיְתָה כְפוּלָה, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא עֶצֶם אֶחָד, מוּם. וְאִם אֵינָהּ עֶצֶם אֶחָד, אֵינָהּ מוּם. רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, זְנַב הַגְּדִי שֶׁהִיא דוֹמָה לְשֶׁל חֲזִיר, וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ שָׁלשׁ חֻלְיוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה מוּם:
Kiedyś zdarzyło się, że dolna szczęka rozciągnęła się dłużej niż górna, a rabban Szymon Ben Gamliel wysłał [zapytanie] do Mędrców i powiedzieli, że to wada. Ucho dziecka, które zostało zdwojone - mędrcy powiedzieli: jeśli jest to pojedynczy płat górny, jest to skaza, ale jeśli nie ma ani jednego płatka górnego, to nie jest skaza. Rabin Chaninah ben Gamliel mówi, że ogon koźlęcia, który wygląda jak świnia lub jeśli nie ma trzech kręgów, jest skazą.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
מעשה שהלחי התחתון – because it is taught above (see Tractate Bekhorot, Chapter 6, Mishnah 8) that its mouth (i.e., of a firstling animal) is similar to that of a pig, the Rabbis argue with [the opinion] of Illa, it comes to tell us that now the Rabbis do not dispute it other than regarding its upper lip which is stretched over its lower [lip], but [if] its lower lip is stretched over the upper[lip], the Rabbis admit/agree that it is a blemish. And also the story regarding the lower jaw that stretches over the upper [jaw], and the Sages stated that this is a blemish. These words [apply] when the bone of the lower jaw stretches over the [bone of] the upper [jaw], then it is a blemish even in an animal. But if it lacks a bone but rather that its lower lip is longer and receives the upper lip, it is blemish in a human but not in an animal.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
This mishnah lists a few additional blemishes which disqualify the first born.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אזן הגדי שהיתה כפולה – that it has two ears from one side, an ear within an ear.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
It happened that the lower jaw [of a first born] was larger than the upper jaw. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel asked the sages [for a ruling] and they said: this is a blemish. In this case an animal seems to be blemished, but Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel is not sure if the blemish is sufficient to disqualify it. He brings the animal in front of the other sages and they rule that it is a blemish and it is disqualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
בזמן שהיא עצם אחד – and it has only one earlobe, in which the upper earlobe is doubled inside it and combined below, it is a blemish.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
The ear of a kid which was doubled: the sages ruled: if it is all one bone, it is a blemish, but if it is not all one bone, it is not a blemish. If the kid seems to have one ear inside of another ear, the kid is considered blemished if the ear has only one “bone” meaning one ear lobe. This would seem to refer to a case where the external lobe was bent over and turned into the internal ear. However, if the “bone” (the lobe) is split at the top, the animal is not blemished. We should note that the reason for this is unclear and indeed the Rambam has a different and opposite version of the mishnah: if it is one bone it is blemished but if it is not one bone, it is not blemished.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ואם אינה עצם אחד – the earlobes are differentiated/separated above.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Rabbi Hanina ben Gamaliel says: if the tail of a kid is like that of a pig, or if the tail does not possess three vertebrae, this is a blemish. If a kid’s tail looks like a pig’s tail, or does not have the full three vertebrae, the animal is blemished.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אינו מום – but the reason is not explained. But nevertheless, it is not similar to an animal (i.e., a firstling) with five feet, for an ear within an ear is not seen all that often.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שהיא דומה לשל חזיר – round like the tail of a pig, and even though it is not thin like it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שלש חוליות – it is specifically in the tail of a lamb that we require three vertebrae [of the spinal column], but the tail of a kid, one vertebrae alone is a blemish, two are not a blemish. And such is the Halakha.
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