Komentarz do Arachin 3:3
בְּשׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד שֶׁהֵמִית אֶת הָעֶבֶד לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. אֶחָד שֶׁהֵמִית אֶת הַנָּאֶה שֶׁבָּעֲבָדִים וְאֶת הַכָּעוּר שֶׁבָּעֲבָדִים, נוֹתֵן שְׁלשִׁים סֶלַע. הֵמִית בֶּן חוֹרִין, נוֹתֵן אֶת שָׁוְיוֹ. חָבַל בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה, מְשַׁלֵּם נֶזֶק שָׁלֵם:
Prawo dotyczące ostrzeżonego wołu, który zabił niewolnika, jest czasami łagodne, a czasami surowe. Jak to? Niezależnie od tego, czy zabił przystojnego niewolnika, czy brzydkiego niewolnika, trzeba zapłacić trzydzieści selaimów . Jeśli zabił wolnego człowieka, trzeba zapłacić tyle, ile jest wart. Jeśli tylko zranił osobę, w każdym przypadku trzeba zapłacić pełną szkodę.
Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
המית בן חורין נותן את שוויו – as it is written (Exodus 21:30): “If ransom is laid upon him, he must pay whatever is laid upon him to redeem his life,” the fee for the one who suffered damage.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
Introduction
Today’s mishnah deals with the warned ox, the “muad.” This is an ox that has gored three times. The owner of a “warned ox” that kills a person is liable to pay the value of the person (see Exodus 21:30). However, if the ox kills a slave, he pays 30 shekels no matter the value of the slave (vs. 32).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
חבל בזה ובזה – whether on a slave or a free person, and he did not kill him, he pays full damages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
“The law concerning a warned ox that has killed a slave is sometimes lenient and sometimes strict.”
How so? Whether it killed the fine looking slave or an ugly slave, he must pay thirty selas. If a warned ox kills a slave, the owner of the ox pays thirty selas (equivalent to the Torah’s shekels) to the slave’s owner, no matter how valuable the slave was. Sometimes this can create a stringency (if the slave was worth less) and sometimes a leniency (if the slave was worth more).
How so? Whether it killed the fine looking slave or an ugly slave, he must pay thirty selas. If a warned ox kills a slave, the owner of the ox pays thirty selas (equivalent to the Torah’s shekels) to the slave’s owner, no matter how valuable the slave was. Sometimes this can create a stringency (if the slave was worth less) and sometimes a leniency (if the slave was worth more).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
If it killed a free man he must pay what he is worth. As stated in the introduction, if the ox kills a free person, he must pay the value of the person, no matter the how great or small the value is. The fixed amount is only for the slave.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
If it wounded, whether this one or the other, he must pay the full damage. The distinction between the slave and the free person is only in case the ox kills one of them. If the ox wounds them, its owner is liable to pay the actual worth in both cases.
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