Komentarz do Arachin 2:3
אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת תְּקִיעוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה. אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשְּׁנֵי נְבָלִין וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל שִׁשָּׁה. אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשְּׁנֵי חֲלִילִין וְלֹא מוֹסִיפִין עַל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. וּבִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר יוֹם בַּשָּׁנָה הֶחָלִיל מַכֶּה לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. בִּשְׁחִיטַת פֶּסַח רִאשׁוֹן, וּבִשְׁחִיטַת פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי, וּבְיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, וּבְיוֹם טוֹב שֶׁל עֲצֶרֶת, וּבִשְׁמוֹנַת יְמֵי הֶחָג, וְלֹא הָיָה מַכֶּה בְּאַבּוּב שֶׁל נְחשֶׁת אֶלָּא בְּאַבּוּב שֶׁל קָנֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקּוֹלוֹ עָרֵב. וְלֹא הָיָה מַחֲלִיק אֶלָּא בְאַבּוּב יְחִידִי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲלִיק יָפֶה:
W Świątyni nigdy nie ma mniej niż dwudziestu jeden [ Shofar ] wybuchów i nigdy więcej niż czterdzieści osiem. Nigdy nie ma mniej niż dwóch harf ani więcej niż sześciu. Nigdy nie ma mniej niż dwa flety ani więcej niż dwanaście. Przez dwanaście dni w roku grało na flecie przed ołtarzem: Przy zabiciu [ ofiary na Pesach ] pierwszej Pesach , przy zabiciu [ ofiary Pesach ] na drugą Pesach , w pierwszy dzień święta Pesach , w święto Szawuot i w osiem dni Sukot. I nie grali na fajce z brązu, ale na piszczałce z trzciny, bo jej dźwięk jest słodszy. Do finału użyto też tylko jednej fajki, bo to przyjemny finał.
Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אין פוחתין מעשרים ואחת תקיעות במקדש (see parallel Mishnah with this information in Tractate Sukkah, Chapter 5, Mishnah 5) - in the Tractate Sukkah, Chapter “HeKhalil”/The Flute [53b] they are explained. But it is taught in the Mishnah: “But they do not sound more than forty-eight,” not exactly, for sometimes, they add up until seventy-five blasts of the Shofar when the eve of Passover falls/occurs on Shabbat, and because it is not all that frequent, it is not considered.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
There are never less than twenty-one blasts in the Temple and never more than forty-eight. There was a minimum of 21 daily trumpet blasts in the Temple and a maximum of 48. The explanation of this section can be found in Sukkah 5:5. The maximum number of blasts was sounded on erev Shabbat during Sukkot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אין פוחתין משני נבלים – for two Levites [when they sing over the sacrifice].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
There are never less than two harps, nor more than six. The harps were played to accompany the singing of the Levites.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
ולא מוסיפין על ששה – but the reason is not given.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
There are never less than two flutes, nor more than twelve. The flutes were played on special occasions, namely holidays, as the rest of the mishnah explains.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
חלילין – a kind of musical instrument whose sound can be heard from afar, TZALAMILISH in the foreign tongue and MIZMORI in Arabic.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
On twelve days in the year the flute was played before the altar: At the slaughtering of the first pesah, At the killing of the second pesah, On the first festival day of Pesah, On the festival day of Atzeret (, And on the eight days of Sukkot. The flute was played on the first day of each holiday, and also on any day that a pesah sacrifice was slaughtered (the fourteenth of Nissan, and the fourteenth of Iyyar). During Sukkot it was played every day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
ולא מוסיפין על שנים עשר – corresponding to the twelve days in the year when the flute strikes them (figuratively – it means, “plays”) before the Altar. But the language of "מכה"/strikes – is a play on the word חליל/flute which is made with holes and one strikes the holes with one’s finger to make a pleasing sound.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
And they did not play on a pipe [abuv] of bronze but on a pipe of reed, because its tune is sweeter. The flute that they played was a pipe made of reed, for its sound is sweeter (according to rabbinic tastes) than the bronze pipe.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
בשחיטת הפסח – on the fourteenth day of Nisan when they would recite the Hallel (i.e., Psalms 113-118) at the time of the slaughter of the Passover [offering], as is stated in the chapter, “The Daily Offering is slaughtered” (Chapter 5 of Tractate Pesahim) [84b].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
Nor was anything but a single pipe used for closing a tune, because it makes a pleasant finale. At the conclusion of the song, they would end with a single pipe (flute) which is more pleasant than completing with two (or more) at the same time.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אבוב (brass flute) – the thin reed that is at the head/top of the flute, and in the Gemara (Tractate Arakhin 10b) it proves that the flute itself is called an אבוב /thin reed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
שקולו ערב (its sound is sweet) – when it is of a reed, more so than that of copper/bronze. And specifically a flute that one strikes before the Altar on a sacrifice that supersedes the Sabbath, and all the more so, the Festival. But the flute of the ceremony of the drawing of water did not supersede neither the Sabbath nor the Festival, as is proven in [Tractate] Sukkah in the chapter "החליל"/The Flute (see Tractate Sukkah, Chapter 5, Mishnah 1/50a).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
לא היה מחליק אלא באבוב יחידי (none but flute solo was used for closing a tune, because it makes a pleasant finale – see Talmud Arakhin 10a) – when he would reach the conclusion of the tune, one of the flutes would lengthen his playing after the others had completed, and this is a pleasant closing more than if both of them would conclude as one (see Talmud Arakhin 10b). And חילוק/closing a tune softly is the conclusion of producing the sound of a melody/tune, and at the time of the offering [of the sacrifice] there was this song, and the Levites would sing with their mouth the Hallel (Psalms 113-118) in those twelve days, and the flutes would be playing. But on the rest of the days, they would praise [God] with cymbals and harps. But the song that the Levites would recite in the Temple on the first day [of the week] (Psalm 24): The earth is the LORD’s and its fullness,” and all of the Psalm, on the second day [of the week] (Psalm 48): “Great is the LORD and highly to be praised,” and similarly all of them (see also Tractate Tamid, Chapter 7, Mishnah 4).
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