Talmud su Kil'ayim 2:8
אֵין סוֹמְכִין לִשְׂדֵה תְבוּאָה חַרְדָּל וְחָרִיעַ, אֲבָל סוֹמְכִין לִשְׂדֵה יְרָקוֹת חַרְדָּל וְחָרִיעַ. וְסוֹמֵךְ לְבוּר, וּלְנִיר, וּלְגָפָה, וּלְדֶרֶךְ, וּלְגָדֵר גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וּלְחָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, וּלְאִילָן שֶׁהוּא מֵסֵךְ עַל הָאָרֶץ, וּלְסֶלַע גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה:
È vietato seminare senape o zafferano selvatico vicino a un campo di grano, ma senape o zafferano selvatico possono essere seminati vicino a un campo vegetale. [Si può] seminare [specie diverse] vicino a un campo incolto, un campo arato, una recinzione di pietra [sciolta], una strada, una recinzione alta dieci volte a mano, un fossato profondo dieci [mani] e profondo quattro [mani] , un albero che oscura il terreno [i suoi rami sono meno di tre volute da terra] o una roccia che è alta dieci [volute] e larga quattro [volute].
Jerusalem Talmud Sheviit
MISHNAH: They established a comprehensive principle1A discussion of the notion “comprehensive principle” is in Šabbat7:1 (Babli Šabbat 68a). for the Sabbatical: Everything that is food for humans or animals or material for dye and cannot be preserved in the ground2Roots that stay edible in the ground until after the Sabbatical are not subject to removal since they are always available to wild animals. is subject to the Sabbatical and its proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical3If Sabbatical produce is sold, its proceeds become Sabbatical and must be used to buy other produce that has to be eaten in the Land under the rules of the Sabbatical.; it is subject to removal and its proceeds are subject to removal4If nothing of the kind for which the money was obtained is left on the fields for wild animals, the money must be spent for food that has to be distributed to the poor. In the unlikely case that there are no poor, the money has to be thrown into the Dead Sea..
What are these? This is the leaf of wild arum11Cf. Kilaim 2:5, Note 69., mint12Definition of Maimonides and Arukh (אלנענע). All sources except the Leyden ms. read הדנדנה., endives13Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Note 41., leeks14Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Note 42., purslain15Definition of Maimonides and Arukh, Arabic דגלה. and milk bud16. Definition of Maimonides in the majority of mss.: “parsley”. Some Maimonides mss.: “Mahaleb.” Arukh: White flowers, some say a grass producing wolf’s milk. The Gaonic commentary to Uqeẓin: Arabic ח̇דשף “artichoke; anything rough and hard”. Since artichokes for human food are קינרס, the thistles referred to here are animal feed.. Animal feed, thistles and thorns. Dyestuffs, the wild growth of isatis and safflower17Maimonides notes that “some commentators explain קוצה as safflower;” he expresses no opinion. Arukh defines as “madder”, but madder appears in Mishnah 4 as פואה under a different legal category.. These are subject to the Sabbatical and their proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; both they and their proceeds are subject to removal.
They established another principle for the Sabbatical: Everything that is55This is the reading of the Leyden ms., many of the best Mishnah mss., and R. Simson but not of Maimonides, the Mishnah mss. in the Maimonides tradition, and the Rome ms. These all read: Everything that is not …; cf. The Mishnah with variant readings, vol. Zeraïm II (Jerusalem 1975) p. 57, Note 14. food for humans or animals or dyestuff and is preserved in the ground is subject to the Sabbatical; its proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; it is not subject to removal56It cannot be subject to removal since there always remains something in the ground. nor are its proceeds subject to removal.
What are these? These are the root of wild arum, the root of mint12Definition of Maimonides and Arukh (אלנענע). All sources except the Leyden ms. read הדנדנה., ceterach57In all manuscript sources except the Leyden ms., the name is עקרבלין or עקרבנין. This corresponds to Arabic עֻקרֻבַּאן., ḥalbiẓin54These are mentioned in Mishnah 4. Maimonides declares the word to be unexplained. Arukh explains: “Egg shaped seeds developing like ferula(Italian, meaning ‘gigantic fennel’). Some people say, eggs of milk buds and that is a white flower.” In Syriac, the word means “Bethlehem star” (a flower). Arukh’s note, “some people say”, indicates that he had two Yerushalmi versions: the one before us from the Leyden ms./Venice print, and the reading of the Rome ms. in Halakhah 4: חלבנין, Arabic חֻלבּוּן “mercury” (Mercurialis, a plant); in Löw’s opinion Euphorbia tinctoria, a close relative of mercury., and wild nard58Latin baccar,baccaris, Greek βάκχαρις, an aromatic root also called nardum rusticum (Pliny), used against evil spells. Arukh: Arabic בנגר “beet”. Maimonides: Meaning unclear.. Kinds of dyestuffs: madder and campeachy-wood59Reseda luteola, definition of Maimonides, Arabic בקם. Definition of Arukh: Arabic שגרה̇ מרים “Miriam’s tree”, a tree, known to Arabic writers, used for dye.. These and their proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; these and their proceeds are not subject to removal.
Rebbi Meïr says, their60The plants mentioned in the preceding Mishnah. proceeds have to be removed before New Year’s Day. They said to him, they do not have to be removed, a fortiori their proceeds.
Pomegranate skins68Tanning material and dyestuff. and its peduncles, nut shells68Tanning material and dyestuff., and pits are subject to the Sabbatical and so are their proceeds. The dyer dyes for himself; he should not dye for payment69He may work for wages if he has vegetable dyes from the preceding year. because one does not treat the produce of the Sabbatical as merchandise, nor firstlings or heaves, carcasses, torn animals, abominations70E. g., seafood and reptiles., and crawling things71Invertebrates.. One may not buy vegetables to sell them on the market but he may collect and his son sells for him. If he bought for himself and has leftovers, it is permitted to sell them.
If somebody bought a first-born animal85A first-born calf or lamb becomes the property of the Cohen. If the first-born develops a defect it may be eaten by everybody (Deut. 15:21); it may be sold by the Cohen to a layman. But since the first-born is a sacrifice from birth, it must be treated with respect and cannot become an object of trade. However, an occasional private sale is permitted under special circumstances. for his son’s wedding or for a holiday and now does not need it, he may sell it. Catchers of wild animals, birds, or fish who accidentally caught impure species may sell them. Rebbi Jehudah says, even one who incidentally has such an opportunity86He is not a professional bird catcher or fisherman. An impure animal or fish crosses his way and he has the opportunity to grab it with the intent to sell it to Gentiles. For professionals it is clear that they may take impure species only if they accidentally catch them in their nets. may take and sell them on condition that this not be his profession, but the Sages prohibit it.
What are these? This is the leaf of wild arum11Cf. Kilaim 2:5, Note 69., mint12Definition of Maimonides and Arukh (אלנענע). All sources except the Leyden ms. read הדנדנה., endives13Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Note 41., leeks14Cf. Kilaim 1:2, Note 42., purslain15Definition of Maimonides and Arukh, Arabic דגלה. and milk bud16. Definition of Maimonides in the majority of mss.: “parsley”. Some Maimonides mss.: “Mahaleb.” Arukh: White flowers, some say a grass producing wolf’s milk. The Gaonic commentary to Uqeẓin: Arabic ח̇דשף “artichoke; anything rough and hard”. Since artichokes for human food are קינרס, the thistles referred to here are animal feed.. Animal feed, thistles and thorns. Dyestuffs, the wild growth of isatis and safflower17Maimonides notes that “some commentators explain קוצה as safflower;” he expresses no opinion. Arukh defines as “madder”, but madder appears in Mishnah 4 as פואה under a different legal category.. These are subject to the Sabbatical and their proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; both they and their proceeds are subject to removal.
They established another principle for the Sabbatical: Everything that is55This is the reading of the Leyden ms., many of the best Mishnah mss., and R. Simson but not of Maimonides, the Mishnah mss. in the Maimonides tradition, and the Rome ms. These all read: Everything that is not …; cf. The Mishnah with variant readings, vol. Zeraïm II (Jerusalem 1975) p. 57, Note 14. food for humans or animals or dyestuff and is preserved in the ground is subject to the Sabbatical; its proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; it is not subject to removal56It cannot be subject to removal since there always remains something in the ground. nor are its proceeds subject to removal.
What are these? These are the root of wild arum, the root of mint12Definition of Maimonides and Arukh (אלנענע). All sources except the Leyden ms. read הדנדנה., ceterach57In all manuscript sources except the Leyden ms., the name is עקרבלין or עקרבנין. This corresponds to Arabic עֻקרֻבַּאן., ḥalbiẓin54These are mentioned in Mishnah 4. Maimonides declares the word to be unexplained. Arukh explains: “Egg shaped seeds developing like ferula(Italian, meaning ‘gigantic fennel’). Some people say, eggs of milk buds and that is a white flower.” In Syriac, the word means “Bethlehem star” (a flower). Arukh’s note, “some people say”, indicates that he had two Yerushalmi versions: the one before us from the Leyden ms./Venice print, and the reading of the Rome ms. in Halakhah 4: חלבנין, Arabic חֻלבּוּן “mercury” (Mercurialis, a plant); in Löw’s opinion Euphorbia tinctoria, a close relative of mercury., and wild nard58Latin baccar,baccaris, Greek βάκχαρις, an aromatic root also called nardum rusticum (Pliny), used against evil spells. Arukh: Arabic בנגר “beet”. Maimonides: Meaning unclear.. Kinds of dyestuffs: madder and campeachy-wood59Reseda luteola, definition of Maimonides, Arabic בקם. Definition of Arukh: Arabic שגרה̇ מרים “Miriam’s tree”, a tree, known to Arabic writers, used for dye.. These and their proceeds are subject to the Sabbatical; these and their proceeds are not subject to removal.
Rebbi Meïr says, their60The plants mentioned in the preceding Mishnah. proceeds have to be removed before New Year’s Day. They said to him, they do not have to be removed, a fortiori their proceeds.
Pomegranate skins68Tanning material and dyestuff. and its peduncles, nut shells68Tanning material and dyestuff., and pits are subject to the Sabbatical and so are their proceeds. The dyer dyes for himself; he should not dye for payment69He may work for wages if he has vegetable dyes from the preceding year. because one does not treat the produce of the Sabbatical as merchandise, nor firstlings or heaves, carcasses, torn animals, abominations70E. g., seafood and reptiles., and crawling things71Invertebrates.. One may not buy vegetables to sell them on the market but he may collect and his son sells for him. If he bought for himself and has leftovers, it is permitted to sell them.
If somebody bought a first-born animal85A first-born calf or lamb becomes the property of the Cohen. If the first-born develops a defect it may be eaten by everybody (Deut. 15:21); it may be sold by the Cohen to a layman. But since the first-born is a sacrifice from birth, it must be treated with respect and cannot become an object of trade. However, an occasional private sale is permitted under special circumstances. for his son’s wedding or for a holiday and now does not need it, he may sell it. Catchers of wild animals, birds, or fish who accidentally caught impure species may sell them. Rebbi Jehudah says, even one who incidentally has such an opportunity86He is not a professional bird catcher or fisherman. An impure animal or fish crosses his way and he has the opportunity to grab it with the intent to sell it to Gentiles. For professionals it is clear that they may take impure species only if they accidentally catch them in their nets. may take and sell them on condition that this not be his profession, but the Sages prohibit it.
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