Talmud su Kelim 8:10

מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת, שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וְהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא, נִטְמָאוּ. הָיָה אוֹכֵל דְּבֵלָה בְיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת, הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו לִטֹּל אֶת הַצְּרוֹר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָפַךְ, טָמֵא. אִם לֹא הָפַךְ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה פֻנְדְּיוֹן לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם לִצְמָאוֹ, טָמֵא:

Se una persona che è venuta in contatto con una persona che ha contratto l'impurità del cadavere aveva cibo o liquidi in bocca, e ha messo la testa nello spazio aereo di un forno puro, fanno impurire il forno. Se una persona ritualmente pura aveva cibo o liquidi in bocca e metteva la testa nello spazio aereo di un forno che era impuro, [il cibo e le bevande] diventavano impuri. Se una persona mangiava un fico pressato con mani impure, e si metteva una mano in bocca per rimuovere una piccola pietra: il rabbino Meir dichiara [il fico] come impuro. Ma il rabbino Yehudah lo dichiara puro. Rabbi Yose dice: Se lo rigirava [in bocca] [il fico] era impuro, ma se non lo rigirava [il fico] è puro. Se la persona aveva una moneta in bocca, dice Rabbi Yose: se la teneva lì per alleviare la sete, diventa impura.

Jerusalem Talmud Chagigah

There we have stated¹²⁸Mishnah Kelim 8:10.: “If he ate a fig cake with dirty hands, put his hand into his mouth to remove a pebble, …¹²⁹R. Meïr declares the fig cake impure but R. Jehudah pure. They disagree about the status of the saliva of a pure person. As noted later, saliva in the mouth does not prepare for impurity; otherwise a person never could eat in purity. R. Jehudah holds that saliva in the mouth is immune from impurity; for him the problem does not exist. R. Meïr holds that saliva is a fluid subject to the rules of impurity since the spittle of a person sick with gonorrhea is a source of biblical impurity. Since unwashed hands are impure of second degree, the saliva in his mouth makes them impure in the first degree. If then he again touches the fig cake it will be impure in the second degree.” Ḥizqiah said, one stated this only for a fig cake where he desires the fluid remaining on his finger, therefore not for anything else. Rebbi Joḥanan said, there is no difference, equally a fig cake where he desires the fluid remaining on his finger or anything other. The Mishnah¹²⁸Mishnah Kelim 8:10. disagrees with Ḥizqiah: “Touching by a person impure in the impurity of the dead who had food or drink in his mouth: if he put his head inside a pure stove he made it impure. If a pure person with food or drink in his mouth put his head inside the impure stove he became impure.¹³⁰The stove is made of clay. Biblically clay vessels become impure if and only if impurity is placed into its concavity with or without touching. The person himself would make the stove impure only if most of his body were inside but since the food in his head is moist and impure, putting his head inside makes the stove biblically impure. If therefore a pure person with food in his mouth puts his head inside the stove, the food becomes impure and makes the person impure.” One understands drinks. From where was the food susceptible to impurity? Not from his saliva¹³¹Since as explained in Note 129, saliva in a pure person’s body is pure and does not prepare for impurity.! Explain it either from a moist fig cake or as food which already outside were susceptible to impurity. The Mishnah disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: “One eats dry food¹²⁰Which somehow never was wetted and therefore is impervious to impurity. But all food eaten with sacrifices is subject to the rules of impurity. with dirty hands¹²¹Which are second degree impure and therefore have no influence on profane food, only on heave and sancta. with heave but not with sancta.” Explain it if he throws¹³²He throws the food into his mouth so it is swallowed immediately without being wetted.. If he throws then even for sancta. Maybe he will forget and touch. If maybe he will forget and touch then it should be forbidden also for heave. Eaters of heave are vigilant and he will not forget but eaters of sancta are not vigilant⁷Heave as a countryside food is eaten daily by Cohanim but sancta only at the time of their service in the Temple, usually two weeks in a year, or by laity on pilgrimage. The eaters of heave may be expected to follow an exact procedure at all times. and he forgets.

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