נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַסֻּכָּה. קָטָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְאִמּוֹ, חַיָּב בַּסֻּכָּה. מַעֲשֶׂה וְיָלְדָה כַלָּתוֹ שֶׁל שַׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן וּפִחֵת אֶת הַמַּעֲזִיבָה וְסִכֵּךְ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּטָּה בִּשְׁבִיל הַקָּטָן:
Le donne, i servi e i minori sono esenti dalla (mitzvah di) succah, [in fase di scrittura (Levitico 23:42): "Ogni cittadino in Israele siederà in successione" —escludere le donne che, sebbene siano obbligate a mangiare la matzah la prima notte di Pesach, non sono obbligate a (la mitzvah di) succah la prima notte del festival.] Un minore che non ha bisogno di sua madre è obbligato nella (mitzvah di) succah. [Se si sveglia dal sonno e non chiama "Madre, Madre", è considerato "non bisognoso di sua madre" e la mitzvah è vincolante per lui; in caso contrario, è esente. Questa è l'alachah. E questo è il caso solo se continua a chiamare sua madre e non si ferma finché non viene. Ma se chiama una volta e poi si ferma, non viene considerato "bisognoso di sua madre".] Una volta, quando la nuora di Shammai il maggiore ha partorito, ha scavato una parte del soffitto e ha posto lo schach sul letto per conto del bambino.
Tosefta Chagigah
A minor that no longer needs [the help of] his mother is liable in [building a] sukkah. A minor that needs his mother may go out by means of his mother's eiruv (Ket. 65b:9), and if he does not need his mother, they make an eiruv of two meals for the joining of the Shabbat boundaries. [If] he knows how to shake, he is liable in [the commandment of shaking the] lulav. [If] he knows how to dress himself, he is liable in [the commandment of donning] tzitzit. [If] he knows how to talk, his father teaches him the Shema and the Torah and the holy tongue, and if not, it would have been preferable for him not to come into this world. [If] he knows how to take care of tefillin, his father buys him tefillin. How so? We examine him, we immerse him, and we give him chullin [which he is told] to treat as terumah. [If] he knows how to take care of his body, we may eat foods that have touched his body. [If he is a Kohen and] he knows how to spread his hands [in the manner of the priestly blessing], we give him a portion [of the terumah] from the threshing floor. [If] he possesses the intelligence to be questioned about a case involving doubt, in the private domain [the ruling is] "impure," and in the public domain [the ruling is] "pure" (see Sifrei Bamidbar 8). [If] he knows how to slaughter, his slaughter is valid. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of grain, we remove ourselves four amot from his excrement and urine. [If] he can eat an olive's worth of meat, we slaughter on his behalf the Passover offering. Rabbi Yehuda says, we never slaughter the Passover offering on his behalf unless he knows how to distinguish food. They said to him, what is meant by "distinguish food"? [He said to them,] anyone to whom we give an egg and he keeps it, [and we we give him] a stone and he throws it.
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