Commento su Zevahim 11:8
בִּשֵּׁל בּוֹ קָדָשִׁים וְחֻלִּין, אוֹ קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים וְקָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, הֲרֵי הַקַּלִּים נֶאֱכָלִין כַּחֲמוּרִין, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנִין מְרִיקָה וּשְׁטִיפָה, וְאֵינָם פּוֹסְלִין בְּמַגָּע. רָקִיק שֶׁנָּגַע בְּרָקִיק, וַחֲתִיכָה בַּחֲתִיכָה, לֹא כָל הָרָקִיק וְלֹא כָל הַחֲתִיכוֹת אֲסוּרִין. אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מְקוֹם שֶׁבָּלָע:
[Se] uno ha cucinato sia cose sacre che cose non sacre [in una nave], oppure [cotto in una nave] sia Kodshai Kodashim che Kodashim Kalim , se c'è abbastanza [carne] per conferire sapore, meno rigorosa [carne] deve essere consumato secondo le [regole che governano] la più rigorosa [carne], e [le navi] non richiedono purga e risciacquo e [la miscela] non rende invalido per contatto. [Se] un wafer ha toccato un altro wafer, o un pezzo di carne ha toccato un altro pezzo di carne, né l'intero wafer né l'intero pezzo di carne sono vietati, piuttosto lo fa solo il luogo di assorbimento.
Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
הרי הרלים נאכלין כחמורים ואינן טעונין מריקה – Our Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: if they were [sufficient] to impart a flavor, then the [rule of which is] less stringent are eaten with the more stringent in accord with the more stringent rule [applying to the Most Holy Things], inside of the curtains for the day and the night and they require souring and rinsing and are disqualified through contact. But our Mishnah is according to Rabbi Shimon who stated that the Lesser Holy Things do not require scouring and rinsing, therefore, when they did not impart the flavor of the Holy of Holies in the Lesser Holy Things, they do not require scouring and rinsing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
Introduction
This mishnah introduces several principles as to when taste is transferred from one thing to another. Again, while the principles here relate directly to sacrificial law that is no longer practiced today (and wasn’t practiced at the time of the Mishnah either), these principles are also applicable to the laws of kashrut and thus historically were and remain significant practical halakhah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Zevachim
רקיק – a disqualified/unfit [wafer] that came in contact with a fit wafer, and the fit absorbed from the disqualified [only the place which absorbed that which is forbidden – is cut off; the rest is permitted].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
If one boiled sacrifices and hullin in it [the copper pot], or most holy sacrifices and lesser sacrifices, if they were sufficient to impart their flavor, the less stringent must be eaten as the more stringent of them; In both cases mentioned here, a person boils two different things in one pot, one of greater stringency (sacrifices, or most holy sacrifices) and one of lesser stringency (hullin, or less holy sacrifices). If there is enough of the sacrifices to impart a taste to the hullin, or enough most holy sacrifices to impart taste to the less holy sacrifices, then the rules of the stringent will apply to everything in the pot. Thus the hullin would have to be treated like sacrificial meat and the less holy sacrifices like most holy sacrifices. But if there is not enough to impart taste, then the more lenient rules remain in place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
But they do not necessitate scouring and rinsing; This line seems to say that even if the sacrifices impart their flavor, the pot still need not be scoured and rinsed. However, the Talmud emends the line to read “they do necessitate scouring and rinsing and they do disqualify by touch; if there is not enough to impart taste, then the less stringent need not be eaten as the more stringent ….” In other words, the Talmud emends the line to read the opposite of what it actually says. As long as the more stringent stuff does not impart taste, the less stringent rules apply.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
And they do not disqualify by touch. Leviticus 6:20 states that anything that touches the flesh of the hatat shall become holy. The rabbis rule that any food that absorbs the taste of sacrifices becomes holy like the sacrifice. If the sacrifice is unfit then it too is unfit. If he cooks a mixture of sacrifices and hullin in a pot, and there is not enough sacrifice to impart a taste to the mixture, then the mixture does not disqualify other food which absorbs its taste. (This is according to the talmudic reading of this line, which I mentioned above in my commentary to section two).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Zevachim
If [an unfit] wafer touched a [fit] wafer, or an [unfit] piece of meat touched a [fit] piece of meat, not the whole wafer or the whole piece of meat is forbidden; only the part that absorbed [of the unfit] is forbidden. When a permitted thing and a forbidden thing touch and the permitted thing absorbs some of the taste of the forbidden thing, only the part that absorbed the taste would become prohibited. The mishnah illustrates this with regard to the wafer (brought as an accompaniment to a sacrifice) or a piece of sacrificial flesh.
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