Commento su Terumot 5:6
סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה וְנִדַּמְּעוּ, וְנָפַל מִן הַמְדֻמָּע לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַמְדֻמָּע מְדַמֵּעַ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמְחֻמָּץ מַחְמִיץ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמַּיִם שְׁאוּבִים פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן:
Se una Se'ah di Terumah è caduta in meno di cento [di Chulin ], e ha reso Demai [la miscela] , e parte della miscela Demai [allora] è caduta in un altro posto: Rabbi Eliezer dice: rende [quel luogo] Demai come se un certo Terumah [fosse caduto dentro]. Ma i saggi dicono: la miscela Demai rende [un'altra miscela] Demai solo in proporzione. E ciò che viene lievitato [con Terumah ] rende altri impasti lievitati [come se con Terumah ] solo in proporzione. E l'acqua estratta squalifica un Mikvah [bagno rituale] anche solo in proporzione.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
אין המדומע מדמע אלא לפי חשבון – because what that is Terumah/heave-offering in this Seah of mixed heave offering and unconsecrated produce we require one-hundred of the unconsecrated produce, but we don’t require one-hundred Seah corresponding all of that Seah of mixed heave-offering and unconsecrated produce , which is not considered completely Terumah/heave-offering to prohibit secondary unconsecrated produce.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
In this mishnah there is another ramification of the debate between Rabbi Eliezer and the sages. As a reminder, Rabbi Eliezer holds that when a seah of terumah falls into a pile of more than 100 seahs of hullin, and a seah is removed, the seah that is taken out is treated as if it were the same seah that fell in. In contrast, the rabbis hold that the amount of terumah in the seah taken out is the same as the amount of terumah in the whole mixture, in this case 1/100.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואין המחומץ מחמץ אלא לפי חשבון – started dough of unconsecrated produce that had leavened in leaven of heave-offering, it is all forbidden to foreigners (i.e., non-Kohanim) and if there fell from that started dough into another piece of stared dough of heave-offering and became leavened, it is not forbidden other than according to the calculation [of the quantity of true heave-offering contained in the mixture] of the measure of leave of Terumah that is mixed in it, and does not forbid another piece unless there fell from the first a measure so large that there is in the leaven of Terumah that is combined in it in order to leave the later piece without combination of the unconsecrated produce that is combined with heave-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
A seah of terumah which fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and rendered the whole medumma, and part of this mixture fell afterwards into another place: Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders again medumma as if certain terumah [had fallen in]. But the sages say: the [first] mixture renders medumma only according to the proportion. The seah that is taken out of a mixture where the ratio was greater than 100 parts hullin to 1 part terumah is treated by Rabbi Eliezer as if it were the same terumah that fell in. Therefore, when it falls into another pile of terumah, it renders the new pile medumma (doubtful terumah) as if it was certain terumah. The sages hold that it only renders medumma according to the portion of terumah in it. So since it is by definition less than 1/100 terumah, it is doubtful that it will render anything medumma.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואין מים שאובים פוסלים את המקוה אלא לפי חשבון – A Mikveh/ritual bath that has in it twenty-one Seah of rain water, we will fill/draw on its shoulder nineteen [additional] Seah and let it run through a conducting channel/gutter into the Mikveh (see Tractate Temurah 12b) and they are pure, and even though three Seah of drawn waters disqualify a Mikveh, the drawn waters are kosher when it is through a conducting channel it was there that most of the measure of the Mikveh, which is twenty-one Seah of rain water, according to the calculation, for the drawn waters do not disqualify the Mikveh when they are going through a conducting channel unless there are twenty [Seah] of drawn water, for isn’t there the majority of the measure of the Mikveh from rain waters. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
[Similarly], that which is leavened [with terumah] renders other dough leavened [as with terumah] only according to the proportion. The mishnah now brings several other examples of cases where the rabbis say that something acts according to its proportion. The first is a case of hullin dough that is leavened with terumah starter dough (heavily leavened dough used to preserve the yeast). If this dough falls into another patch of dough it only renders medumma according to the percentage of terumah that is in the part that causes the leavening, the starter dough. In other words, if there is enough terumah in the part that falls in to the second dough in order to leaven the new dough, then it is treated as terumah and it is forbidden to an Israelite.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
And drawn water disqualifies a ritual bath also only according to the proportion. A mikveh that doesn’t have 40 seahs of water into which three logs (a small measure) of drawn water fall is disqualified. If this drawn water is mixed in with non-drawn water, which is okay for a mikveh, then the mixture disqualifies the mikveh according to the percentage of drawn water in the mixture.
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