Commento su Tohorot 5:1
הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְעֶצֶם מִן הַמֵּת וְעֶצֶם מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מִבֵּית הַפְּרָס, גּוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הָלַךְ, הֶאֱהִיל עַל אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הֶאֱהִיל, הִסִּיט אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם הִסִּיט, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים:
Un parassita e una rana di dominio pubblico e similmente un volume di ulivo di un cadavere e un volume di ulivo di una carcassa di animale, o un osso di un cadavere e un osso di una carcassa di animale, o una zolla [di terra] da una terra pura e una zolla da un cimitero arato, una zolla da una terra pura e una zolla dalle terre delle nazioni [cioè al di fuori di Israele], o due percorsi uno impuro e uno puro, se qualcuno camminava lungo uno di essi e non sa quale fosse il suo passaggio, o [di passaggio] ne coprì uno [cioè il volume di ulivi del cadavere o della carcassa animale] e non sapeva su quale fosse coperto, o ha spostato uno di loro [cioè una delle due ossa, o una delle due zolle di terra] e non sa quale abbia spostato, il rabbino Akiva lo dichiara impuro, ma i saggi lo dichiarano puro.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
And so also [if there was there] an olive's bulk of a corpse and an olive's bulk of carrion,
A bone of a corpse and a bone of carrion;
A clod of clean earth and a clod from a doubtful grave area
A clod of clean earth and a clod from the land of the Gentiles,
Or if there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked through one of them but it is not known which,
Or if overshadowed one of them but it is not known which, or he shifted one of them but it is not known which:
Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean.
Today's mishnah brings up a series of cases in which one of two possible things occurred one which would have caused him to be impure and one in which he was not impure. In the end of the mishnah we can see that the rabbis and Rabbi Akiva disagree as to whether or not the person is pure or impure.
Section one: A dead sheretz causes impurity but a dead frog does not because it is not one of the defiling creepy crawly things listed in Leviticus 11:29.
Section two: Flesh from a corpse defiles in all ways, but flesh from carrion of an animal defiles only by touch and by carrying, not by overshadowing.
Section three: Bone of carrion is pure. Bone from a corpse defiles through contact and carrying.
Sections four and five: Earth from an area that might have been a graveyard defiles through contact and carrying, as does dirt from outside of the land of Israel.
Section seven: This section refers to all of the sections above.
Section eight: Rabbi Akiva says that doubtful cases of impurity in the public domain are pure only if the person didn't perform any action. But in the cases listed here the person moved, carried or overshadowed one of the objects that might have been impure, and therefore he is impure.
The other sages disagree doubtful cases of impurity are always pure in the public domain.