Alimenti non sacri di secondo grado rendono impuri i liquidi non sacri e invalidano [gli alimenti] per coloro che mangiano teruma . Teruma di terzo grado rende impuri i liquidi santificati e invalida [i cibi] per coloro che mangiano cibi santificati, [e questo vale] quando sono stati preparati con la rigidità della purezza delle cose santificate. Ma se fossero preparati [solo] con la rigidità della purezza di terumah , [ terumah di terzo grado] rende, per quanto riguarda i cibi santificati, due impuri [cioè crea, al contatto, un'impurità di primo grado e, a sua volta, un impurità di secondo grado] e invalida uno [a sua volta, per essere un livello di impurità di terzo grado, ma non un quarto grado; questo perché gli alimenti preparati con la severità della purezza del teruma sono ancora impuri a un livello di primo grado rispetto agli alimenti santificati, ma non mantengono un'impurità di quarto grado, poiché il teruma non può mantenere un quarto grado di impurità].
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
השני שבחולין מטמא משקה חולין – for all that invalidates/renders unfit the heave-offering/priest’s due defiles liquids to become first-degree [of ritual impurity] (see Tractate Parah, Chapter 8, Mishnah 7).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Introduction
Today's mishnah builds on the three previous mishnayot but adds in the factor of liquids, which as we have seen on many occasions, amplify impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
מטמא משקה קודש – that all which invalidates/renders unfit Holy Things defiles (holy) liquids to be first degree [of ritual impurity] for Holy Things.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Second [degree uncleanness] in common food conveys uncleanness to unconsecrated liquids and causes invalidity to terumah food. We learned before that food with second degree impurity invalidates terumah. This mishnah teaches a rule: anything that invalidates terumah also conveys impurity to non-sacred liquids, even if the food wouldn't defile common food. So common food (hullin) with second degree impurity defiles all liquids, but when it comes to food, it only disqualifies terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
שנעשו על טהרת הקודש (that was prepared in conditions of cleanness pertaining to Holy Things) – meaning to say, that which we said, that heave offering of third-degree [of ritual purity] makes unfit/invalidates but does not defile foods of Holy Things, these words apply when they were prepared in conditions of cleanness pertaining to Holy Things. But if it they were prepared in conditions of cleanness pertaining to heave offering/priest’s due, that it was not protected/guarded in conditions of cleanness pertaining to Holy Thins, the third-degree [of ritual impurity] defiles the second degree and makes unfit/invalidates first-degree [of ritual impurity] of Holy Things. For the ritual purity of heave-offering is impure next to Holy Things, for it is considered third-degree [of ritual impurity] of heave offering next to the Holy Things as if it was defiled by a moving creature/unclean reptile itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Third [degree of uncleanness] in terumah conveys uncleanness to consecrated liquids and causes invalidity to holy food that was prepared in conditions of cleanness appropriate to holy food; But if it was only prepared under conditions of cleanness appropriate to terumah, it conveys uncleanness at a first and at a second remove, and causes invalidity to holy food at one additional remove. The same is true with terumah food that has third degree uncleanness. It conveys first degree impurity to holy liquids, because terumah with third degree uncleanness does invalidate holy food. The mishnah now adds a caveat to this previous rule. If the terumah food was prepared in order to have the sanctity of holy food, then if it has third degree impurity it disqualifies holy food but doesn't cause it to be defiled. But if it was prepared under the conditions of purity appropriate to terumah, it is not considered to have been guarded for the purpose of being used with holy food. Therefore, it is treated as if it has first degree impurity. It will defile the first thing it touches, and that will defile something else, giving it third degree impurity. The third thing will invalidate holy food.
