Commento su Tohorot 10:5
הָאוֹכֵל מִן הַסַּלִּים וּמִן הַמַּשְׁטֵחַ שֶׁל אֲדָמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּבֻקָּעוֹת וּמְנַטְּפוֹת לַגַּת, הֲרֵי הַגַּת טְהוֹרָה. מִן הָעֲבַט וּמִן הַמַּשְׁטֵחַ שֶׁל עָלִים וְנָפַל מִמֶּנּוּ גַרְגֵּר יְחִידִי, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ חוֹתָם, טָהוֹר. אִם אֵין לוֹ חוֹתָם, טָמֵא. נָפְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עֲנָבִים וּדְרָכָן בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּפְנֶה, כַּבֵּיצָה מְכֻוָּן, טָהוֹר. יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָאת טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּכַבֵּיצָה:
Uno [con le mani impure] che mangia [l'uva] dai cestini o da un'area sul terreno designata per spargerli, anche se sono spaccati e gocciolano nel torchio, il torchio rimane puro. Se [stava mangiando uva] dal grande cesto o da un'area coperta da foglie designata per spargerli, e una sola uva cadesse da loro [nella pressa del vino], se avesse un sigillo [cioè se il suo gambo è ancora attaccato] [il torchio e il suo contenuto] è puro, ma se non ha un sigillo [cioè se manca il suo gambo e il suo succo può fuoriuscire], è impuro. Se l'uva cadesse da lui [che li stava mangiando, con mani impure,] e uno li calpestasse in un'area sgombra [del torchio, senza uva o vino], se fosse esattamente equivalente a un uovo [in volume ], [il torchio e il suo contenuto] è puro; se era più dell'equivalente di un uovo [in volume], è impuro, poiché quando la prima goccia è rimasta è stata resa impura da una quantità [di liquidi] equivalente a un uovo [in volume, e può quindi continuare rendere impura la vasca e il suo contenuto].
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
האוכל – [he, (who is ritually unclean) eats] grapes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who eats grapes out of the baskets or from what is spread out on the ground, even though they burst and dripped into the wine-press, the wine-press remains clean. The person who is acting in this mishnah is assumed to be impure, for most people are assumed not to preserve their purity. In the first case, since the liquid that comes out of the grapes is not something he desires, it does not render the grapes susceptible to impurity. Even if some of this liquid should burst out and go into the winepress, the other grapes in the winepress remain pure. This accords with Bet Hillel's opinion in yesterday's mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
מן הסלים ומן המשטיח של אדמה – for they were cut, undefined, for consumption. Even though his hands were ritually impure and the grapes were dripping wine into the vat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If he eats the grapes out of a grape-basket or from what was spread out on leaves, and a single berry dropped into the vat: If it has a seal all in the vat remains clean; But if it has no seal, all in the vat becomes unclean. In this case he takes the grape from a place where if liquid had oozed out, the liquid would render it susceptible to impurity. One grape then falls into the vat. If the grape had a "seal" meaning that the stem from which the grape was plucked from the cluster remained in the grape (this happens to me all the time then I end up spitting it out), then the other grapes remain pure because we can assume that no liquid came out. When the man touched the grape it was not susceptible to impurity. However, if it had no seal, then we can assume that some liquid had come out and the grape was impure. It would defile the rest of the grapes in the vat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הרי הגת טהורה – for those drops do not have the status of liquid, since they were cut for consumption, and it was not satisfactory to him with what it drips. But a person who eats from the large basket, strapped on the carrier’s back, in which grapes are carried during the vintage or from the gapes spread on leaves, even though the grapes are not split and they are not flowing in drops, if there fell from him a single berry and there isn’t the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached for that berry, that is, in the place where the peduncle/stalk is on the mouth of the berry there is a kind of oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached and that oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached closes/conceals the mouth of berry so that liquid does not exude, and when the peduncle/stalk is uprooted with the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached, liquid exudes and even though he took them to consume them, they have the status of liquid, since from the outset, he cut them for the vat and that liquid was defiled with his ritually unclean hands, and when it fell to the vat, it became defiled. And these words apply when he touched it with his hands in the place of the oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached, but if he didn’t touch in the place of the oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached, the vat was not defiled, for his hands didn’t touch the liquids in order that the liquid would return and defile the vat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If he dropped some of the grapes and trod upon them in an empty part of the wine-press: If the bulk of the grapes was exactly that of an egg, the contents remain clean; But if it was more than the bulk of an egg, the contents become unclean, for so soon as the first drop came out it contracted uncleanness from the remainder whose bulk is that of an egg. In this case, a cluster of grapes falls in a part of the vat that is empty. Then he steps on the grapes. If there is exactly an egg's volume of grapes then the vat remains pure. When the first drop comes out of the grapes, the cluster now has less than the volume of an egg and food that is less than the volume of an egg does not defile liquid. Even though he defiled the food, the liquid is pure. However, if there is even a little bit more than the volume of an egg, the liquid that is emitted becomes impure by virtue of contact with the impure egg. Then the liquid will defile the winepress, for liquid can defile vessels. This is a similar situation to that found in Toharot 3:1.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נפלו ממנו ענבים – meaning to say a cluster of grapes, that the berries are attached to the cluster and the liquid does not exude, and they were defiled by his ritually impure hands, and they were made fit for Levitical uncleanness because it was cut for the vat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ודרכן במקום המפונה (and one trampled them in an empty part) – an empty/vacant place in the vat where there is nothing – not wine nor grapes and he trampled them ritual purity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
כביצה מכוון טהור (if there was exactly an egg’s bulk there – it is pure) – the vat, for a food does not defile a vessel and when it exuded the first drop, it was missing from an egg’s bulk and food does not defile other food with less than an egg’s bulk. It is found that there is no defilement for this drop other than on account of the defilement that it received when it was food, therefore now also that it became a liquid, it lacks the strength other than as a food. But more than an egg’s bulk, it is ritually impure, for the egg’s bulk defiles the first drop according to the law of liquids, and the drop returned and defiled the vat, for the liquid defiles a vessel.
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