Pietre che sono state disturbate dall'aratro o sono state coperte e ora sono esposte - se ce ne sono [almeno] due che sono carichi per due persone - queste possono essere rimosse. Chi rimuove le pietre dal suo campo può rimuovere quelle superiori, ma deve lasciare quelle che giacciono a terra. Allo stesso modo, per quanto riguarda le pile di ciottoli o di pietre, si possono rimuovere quelle superiori, ma si devono lasciare quelle che giacciono a terra. Se, tuttavia, il terreno sottostante è di roccia o stoppia, questi [più bassi] possono essere rimossi.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
שזעזעתן המחרישה – and even if he did not loosen/move them but rather that he will eventually remove them, it is as if he moved/loosened them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Introduction
This mishnah continues to deal with the topic of removing stones from one’s field on the sabbatical year.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
הרי אלו ינטלו – all of them on account of these two [people who are required to move to stones].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Stones which the plow has turned up, or which had been covered and became uncovered, if there are among them at least two, [each] the load of two men, they may be removed. If some stones turn up unexpectedly in one’s field, he is allowed to remove them if there are at least two of them and if each of those two is so large it requires two men to carry them. In such a case the one who sees the person removing these stones will not think that he is simply clearing his field in order to plant. Rather the observer will realize that he is removing the stones in order to use the stones in building. Note that in this case he is allowed to remove not only the large stones but the other stones as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
המסלק שדהו – that he removes stones from the field, the language of (Isaiah 62:10): “Remove the rocks!”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
One who removes stones from his field, he removes the top layers, but he leave those touching the ground. If one needs to remove stones from his field in order to use them in building, he can remove the top layers but not the bottom layers. The reason that he has to leave the bottom layers is to make sure that people don’t think that he is clearing the field in order to prepare it for planting.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
ומניח את התחתונות הנוגעות בארץ – that in that manner, it does not appear like repairing/improving the field.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
And likewise a heap of pebbles, or a pile of stones; he may remove the top layers but must leave those touching the ground. The same rule applies if he is removing a heap of pebbles or a pile of stones. Again, he may remove the top layers but not the bottom.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
גרגיר של צרורות וגל של אבנים – small.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
If, however, there is beneath them rocky soil or stubble, they may be removed. If below the pebbles or stones there is still rocky soil, soil that can’t be used for growing, then he may even remove the bottom layer, because it is clearly not being done in preparation for sewing seed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
אם יש תחתיהן סלע או קש – it does not appear like repairing since the place is not appropriate for sowing.
