Chi penetra nel bestiame nel suo campo [e quindi raccoglie letame al suo interno] può mettere un recinto sopra due Beit Se'in . [Potrebbe in seguito] sradicare tre lati e lasciare il [recinto centrale, quindi ricadere dall'altro lato di quel recinto rimanente]. Così si è scoperto, ha scritto nel bestiame in [un'area di] quattro Beit Se'in . Il rabbino Shimon ben Gamliel dice, [un'area di] otto Beit Se'in . Se il suo intero campo è quattro Beit Se'in , dovrebbe lasciarne da parte una parte, a causa di Marit Ha'Ayin [apparizione di un comportamento sbagliato]. [Quando l'area immessa è piena,] può rimuovere [il letame] dal recinto e metterlo nel suo campo alla maniera di coloro che depositano il letame.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
המדיר את שדהו (let cattle changes folds within a field/collect mnaure in a field, by letting cattle live on it) – it is the language of a shed for cattle , and he has no free place to place his cattle other than there, and he doesn’t intend to manure his field in this manner and it is intention to bring in the manure to dung-heaps afterwards.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
Introduction
If one does not have an adequate pen for his cattle, he may make one for them in his field, even though this may look like he is bringing them out there to fertilize the field. However, he is limited as to the dimensions of the pen. Our mishnah teaches what those limitations are.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
סהר (enclosure for cattle near a dwelling/stable) – like an enclosure, a circumference of a partition around the sheep.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
One who uses his field as a pen for cattle, he [first] makes an enclosure for every two bet se'ahs. He then uproots three sides, and leaves the middle side. It turns out that he has made a pen of four seahs. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: one of eight seahs. This section teaches how one goes about making a pen for his cattle on his field during the sabbatical year. First he makes the enclosure that covers two whole bet seahs. Once the enclosure is full of manure he removes the fences on three sides and leaves one fence standing and uses it to begin a new enclosure. It turns out that this fence is the middle fence between the old enclosure and the new enclosure. In the end the whole enclosure will be four seahs. According to the first opinion, he cannot make a bigger enclosure. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel disagrees and allows him to make an enclosure of eight seahs. According to some commentators, this means that he can make the first enclosure of four and the other of four as well. According to others, he makes the first enclosure two bet seahs, and then he can put a new one on each side, thereby ending up with eight bet seahs that were enclosed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
עוקר ג' רוחות – when the enclosure for cattle is filled with manure, he ruproots from the enclosure from three sides and restores on the [other] side of them middle and changes folds there like that for two Bet Seah, and makes dung-heaps within his field , three dung-heaps for a Bet Seah as we have stated.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
If his entire field is only four seahs in area, he must allow a portion of it to remain [unenclosed] for appearance's sake. One thing he cannot do is make his entire field an enclosure for his cattle because this looks like he is putting them there to fertilize the field and not just because he needs a place for his animals. In order to make it clear that his intention is not to fertilize, he must leave at least a portion of his field unpenned.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
נמצא מדייר בית ארבעה סתים – Two Seah from this side of the middle partition and two from the [other] side, and our Mishnah teaches us that it permits a cattle fold of four Seah prior to his making from it dung-heaps, but not more than that, so that they should not say that he intended to make folds in his fields [for cattle to live in them].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sheviit
And he may take the dung out from the enclosure, and spread across his field in the manner of those who fertilize their fields. Once the pen is full of manure, he can bring it out to the field in the way prescribed by the preceding mishnayot, that is he can make three dung-heaps per bet seah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
מפני מראית העין – so that it would not appear like he intends to manure his field if he makes all of it an enclosure for cattle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sheviit
כדרך המזבלין – three dung-heaps for each Bet Seah, but the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.
