La tamide (l'olocausto perpetuo) viene massacrata otto ore e mezza (dopo l'alba) e sacrificata alle nove e mezza. Alla vigilia di Pesach viene macellato alle sette e mezza e sacrificato alle otto e mezza, sia nei giorni feriali che a Shabbath. [La tamide pomeridiana viene macellata per tutti i giorni dell'anno (escluso Pesach) otto ore e mezza (dopo l'alba). Perché il momento del massacro della tamid è quando iniziano a calare le ombre della sera; cioè, dalle sei ore e mezza in poi, quando il sole inclina verso ovest. Tra le sei e le sette sta in mezzo al cielo e non getta ombra, ma l'ombra di ogni uomo è "sotto" di lui. E il suo massacro è ritardato di due ore dopo il suo tempo a causa di voti e offerte di regali, essendo scritto (Levitico 6: 5): "E farà in modo di fumargli sopra i grassi delle offerte di pace, così che non accada nulla dopo la tamide pomeridiana. E anche su Shabbath, quando i voti e le offerte non vengono sacrificati, il tempo della macellazione della tamide pomeridiana viene ritardato per motivi di uniformità con i voti e le offerte dei regali nei giorni feriali. E alla vigilia di Pesach, quando l'offerta di Pesach viene sacrificata dopo la tamide pomeridiana, viene anticipata di un'ora e macellata alle sette e mezza.] Se la vigilia di Pesach cade alla vigilia di sabato, viene macellata alle sei e mezza, [poiché c'è anche l'arrostimento del Pesach, che non prevale su Shabbath e che deve essere fatto mentre è ancora giorno. Il massacro della tamid è quindi avanzato a sei e mezzo], e viene sacrificato a sette e mezzo [La fine di il sacrificio è alle sette e mezza, un'ora è richiesta per il suo p rocessing], e il Pesach (viene macellato) dopo di esso.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
תמיד נשחט – the daily whole offering made at the time between the beginning of the decline of the sun and sunset (i.e., afternoon) is slaughtered all the rest of the days of the year at the eighth and one-half hour [of the day] (=2:30 pm). For the time of the slaughter of the daily whole offering is from when the shadows of the evening decline which is from six and one-half hours (=12:30 pm) as the sun declines to the west, as for half of the sixth and half of the seventh [hours], it (i.e., the sun) stands in the middle of the firmament. And the shadow does not decline other than the shadow of each person underneath it. And we make the slaughter [of the sacrifice] later by two hours after its time because of the vows and donations for it is impossible to offer them after the daily whole offering of the afternoon, as it is written (Leviticus 6:5): “and turn into smoke the fat parts of the offerings of well-being.” On the daily whole offering of the morning, he completed all the sacrifices entirely, so that there should not be anything later than the daily whole offering of the afternoon. And even on Shabbat where we do not offer vows and donations, we make the time of the slaughtering of the daily offering later because of the habit of vows and donations of the weekday. And on the Eve of Passover, when the Passover offering is made after the daily whole offering of the afternoon is sacrificed, we advance it one hour and do it at seven and one-half hours (=1:30 pm).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
The following four chapters of mishnah deal with the Pesah sacrifice and discuss how it was offered in Jerusalem. Our mishnah deals with the afternoon tamid (daily) offering. Every day there were two tamid offerings, one in the morning and one in the afternoon (Numbers 28:3-4; Exodus 29:39). Usually the afternoon tamid was the last offering of the day. The one exception was the Pesah sacrifice which was offered after the tamid. Our mishnah comes to teach that normally the tamid was sacrificed later in the afternoon, but on the eve of Pesah they would sacrifice the tamid earlier in order to leave more time to sacrifice the Pesah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
חל להיות בע"ש – for there is also the roasting of the Passover sacrifice that does not override the Sabbath, and one must roast it while it is still daylight, we advance it establish it according to the law that it would be slaughtered at six and one-half hours (=12:30 pm).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The [afternoon] tamid is slaughtered at eight and a half hours and is offered at nine and a half hours. On normal days the afternoon tamid is slaughtered at eight and a half hours (remember the day is divided into twelve equal hours). It is offered at nine and a half hours. This leaves another two and a half hours to perform other tasks, such as various grain and incense offerings and lighting the menorah, the last thing done in the Temple before nightfall.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וקרב בשבע ומחצה – the completion of its offering is at seven and one-half hours (1:30 pm) for we tarry one hour while performing this ritual.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
On the eve of Pesah it is slaughtered at seven and a half hours and offered at eight and a half hours, whether it is a weekday or Shabbat. On the eve of Pesah they moved the tamid sacrifice up one hour to give more time afterwards to sacrifice the pesah. This was true whether the eve of Pesah fell on Shabbat or on a weekday.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If the eve of Pesah fell on the eve of Shabbat it is slaughtered at six and a half hours and offered at seven and a half hours, and the pesah offering after it. The only exception to this was when the eve of Pesah fell on the eve of Shabbat. In this case they had to finish roasting the pesah lamb before Shabbat began since cooking is prohibited on Shabbat. Therefore, they offered the tamid sacrifice as early as possible at six and a half hours which is when the sun begins to set. The afternoon tamid cannot be offered earlier because at an earlier time it is not afternoon. They would then immediately begin to slaughter and prepare the pesah lamb.
