Commento su Pe'ah 5:1
גָּדִישׁ שֶׁלֹּא לֻקַּט תַּחְתָּיו, כָּל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים. הָרוּחַ שֶׁפִּזְּרָה אֶת הָעֳמָרִים, אוֹמְדִים אוֹתָהּ כַּמָּה לֶקֶט הִיא רְאוּיָה לַעֲשׂוֹת, וְנוֹתֵן לָעֲנִיִּים. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן לָעֲנִיִּים בִּכְדֵי נְפִילָה:
Una catasta di grano sotto la quale Leket [singoli gambi che cadono durante il raccolto, che devono essere lasciati per spigolare i poveri] non è stata raccolta, tutto ciò che tocca il terreno è per i poveri. Se il vento disperde i covoni, stima quanto Leket [quel campo farebbe e dà [quella quantità] ai poveri. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel dice: Dà ai poveri la quantità che [normalmente] cade [in tale campo].
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
גדיש שלא לוקט תחתיו – he who collected and heaped up stacks of grain to one place within the field, where the poor people there had not yet gleaned the poor man’s share of the crop.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
This mishnah deals with gleanings that are, for various reasons, hard or impossible for the poor person to find.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
כל הנוגעות בארץ לעניים – the Rabbis fined him since he heaped up stacks on top of the gleanings, and even heaped up stacks of wheat on top of gleanings of barley, whomever comes in contact with/touches the wheat on the ground is for the poor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If a pile of grain was stacked [on part of a field] from which gleanings had not yet been collected, whatever touches the ground belongs to the poor. If the field owner makes a stack of grain on a part of the field from which the poor have not yet collected their gleanings, then we penalize him and he loses the bottom part of the stack, that which touches the ground. The poor person can, in a sense, say to the field owner, that any part of the stack that touched the ground might actually be gleanings and hence belongs to him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הרוח שפזרה את העמרים – on top of the gleanings.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If the wind scattered the sheaves, they estimate the amount of gleanings the field would have yielded and they give that to the poor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: he must give to the poor the amount that would fall. If the wind scattered all the sheaves, mixing the sheaves that belonged to the field owner with the sheaves that should belong to the poor, then we estimate how much gleanings the field would produce and we give that amount to the poor person.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
גשי נפילה – according to the measure that normally falls at the time of harvesting, which are four Kabim for a Kor of seed, and a Kor is thirty Se’ah, and because the first Tanna/teacher who stated that we estimate how much it is appropriate to make as gleanings, Rabban Gamaliel teaches us that the matter does not require an estimation for it is already defined/determined as the field requires for seed, with thirty Se’ah of seed, it is customary to fall from it four Kabim at the time of harvest, and such is given to the poor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says that we estimate how many gleanings would fall from a field of this size. Kehati explains that the debate between Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel and the opinion in the previous section is that Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says that we determine the gleanings based on a typical field of this size, whereas the previous opinion says we estimate that specific field.
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