Commento su Ohalot 5:7
כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּצִּילִין מִבִּפְנִים, כָּךְ מַצִּילִין מִבַּחוּץ. כֵּיצַד, כְּפִישָׁה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל הַיְתֵדוֹת מִבַּחוּץ, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֶּיהָ, כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּכְּפִישָׁה טְהוֹרִים. אִם הָיָה כֹתֶל חָצֵר אוֹ כֹתֶל גִּנָּה, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל. קוֹרָה שֶׁהָיְתָה נְתוּנָה מִכֹּתֶל לְכֹתֶל וּקְדֵרָה תְלוּיָה בָהּ, טֻמְאָה תַחְתֶּיהָ, כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּקְּדֵרָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:
Proprio come proteggono dentro così proteggono fuori. Come mai? Un grande cestino collocato su pioli all'esterno [accanto a una tenda], se sotto c'era impurità, le navi nel cestino sono pure. Ma se era [accanto a] il muro di un cortile o del muro di un giardino, non protegge. Una trave posta da una parete all'altra e una pentola che pende da essa: se sotto c'era impurità, il rabbino Akiva dichiara pure le navi all'interno della pentola, ma i Saggi le dichiarano impure.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
כשם שמצילים מבפנים – with the walls of tents, so they protect from the outside with walls of tents as I explain further on [in this Mishnah].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Just as they protect inside so they protect outside. In the previous mishnayot we learned that vessels can prevent the spread of uncleanness when they join together with the walls of the ohel. In today's mishnah we learn that sometimes they can protect outside of an ohel as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
על יתדות מבחוץ – near the wall that will not be continuous from the wall [for a handbreadth] and then it is considered a tent to interrupt between the defilement that is underneath it to the vessels that are over it. And specifically with regard to the wall of the house that this wall was made into a tent, the basket/inverted vessel is considered a tent to interrupt, but the wall of a courtyard and/or a garden is not made into a tent, the basket is not considered a tent to interrupt [the flow of defilement].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
How so? In the case of a large basket supported on pegs on the outside [of an ohel], If there was uncleanness beneath it, vessels in the basket remain clean. But if it was [next to] the wall of a courtyard or of a garden, it does not protect. Here the basket is outside of the ohel and it is supported in the air on pegs alongside a tent (or other tent-like structure). The basket protects its contents from the impurity that is beneath it as long as the wall of the ohel is at least one handbreadth high. However, this is true only if the wall was made as part of an ohel, meaning a roofed structure, such as a house. If the wall was part of a courtyard or garden, a non-roofed structure, the wall does not count as part of an ohel. And the basket itself is not sufficient to prevent the impurity from entering from below because vessels do not count as an "ohel" to prevent impurity from entering from below. Therefore, the contents of the basket are unclean.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
וקדירה תלויה בה – it is proven in the Tosefta {Tractate Ohalot, Chapter 6, Halakha 5 and 6) that if the rims of the pot are pulled from the rims of the beam and outward with an opening of a handbreadth, no one disagrees that it does not protect, and vessels that are in the pot are ritually impure, but the lip of the pot is attached to the beam, no one disagrees that it protects and is ritually pure. Where they disagree is where it is drawn from the beam and there isn’t an opening of a handbreadth. Rabbi Akiba says that it protects and they are pure, whereas the Sages state that it doesn’t protect and they are impure. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[In the case of] a beam placed across from one wall to an other, with a pot hanging from it, if there was uncleanness beneath it, Rabbi Akiva declares the vessels inside it to be clean, But the sages declare them unclean. According to the interpretation of this dispute found in the Tosefta, the pot is one handbreadth from the beam. In such a case, Rabbi Akiva holds that the beam serves to seal the pot because the pot is open less than a handbreadth. The other sages say that since the pot is open, it does not protect its contents. However, all agree that if the pot is further than a handbreadth away, its contents are impure and all agree that if the pot is right up against the beam, that its contents are pure.
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