Commento su Niddah 2:7
אֵיזֶהוּ אָדֹם, כְּדַם הַמַּכָּה. שָׁחֹר, כַּחֶרֶת. עָמֹק מִכָּן, טָמֵא. דֵּהֶה מִכָּן, טָהוֹר. וּכְקֶרֶן כַּרְכּוֹם, כַּבָּרוּר שֶׁבּוֹ. וּכְמֵימֵי אֲדָמָה, מִבִּקְעַת בֵּית כֶּרֶם, וּמֵצִיף מָיִם. וּכְמָזוּג, שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים מַיִם וְאֶחָד יַיִן, מִן הַיַּיִן הַשָּׁרוֹנִי:
Che cos'è [considerato] rosso? Come il sangue di una ferita. Nero? Come sedimenti di inchiostro; [il nero che è] più profondo di questo è impuro, più pallido di questo è puro. E [cosa viene considerato] come la luminosità di un croco? Come il più chiaro [petalo ombreggiato] in esso. E come le acque terrose? [Come la terra rossastra] dalla valle di Bet Kerem, con acque che vi galleggiano sopra. E [cosa viene considerato] come il vino diluito? Due parti di acqua e una [parte] di vino, dal vino di Sharon.
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
כדם המכה – like the blood of slaughtered bull which is very red. And at the beginning of the striking/assault of a knife, but not like the blood of all of the slaughtering [process], for the blood of the slaughtering continually changes. And there are those who say, like the blood of the wound of opening of the vein (i.e., the splashing blood).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Introduction
Today's mishnah explains the colors found in section one of yesterday's mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
כחרת (sediment of ink) – like the drop of ink that is at the bottom of the vessel/printer, which is very black, and not like the appearance of the ink at the top of the vessel which is thin/weak and not so black. Another explanation: חרת is ADARMONDIT in the foreign tongue, where they color the leather skins like the blacking used by shoemakers (see Tractate Shabbat 104b), that is deeper than this, which is deep like the appearance of blackness, meaning to say, blacker than sediment of ink.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
What is considered red? Like the red of a wound. Red is simply like the color of blood that flows from a wound.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
דיהה (fainter) – that its appearance is faint and not so black. And the same law applies for all the impure bloods, that in all of them, if deeper than this, it is impure, but fainter than this, it is pure, except for mixed wine, that whether deeper or whether fainter, is pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Black: Like ink-sediment. Darker than this is impure. Lighter than this is pure. Black refers to the black ink used to dye shoes. If it is darker than this black, it is impure. But if it is a lighter shade of black, it is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
כברור שבו (like the brightest shade in it)– that has bright leaves in a reddish appearance more than their andp examine other than in the middle row, and the middle leaf that is in the middle row is more praiseworthy of them all for examination.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Like bright crocus: like the clearest shade in it. The color of the blood that matches the crocus flower must be like the brightest shade of the crocus.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
מבקעת בית הכרם – a [well -] known place in the Land of Israel whose name is Bet Kerem (see Tractate Middot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 4).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Like earthy water: from the Bet Kerem valley, when water floats over it. To determine the color of the earthy water, one should bring earth from the Bet Kerem valley, which Albeck says is in the north. Then water should be floated above this earth. The color of the water is the color of the red described in the mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ומציף מים – places water on the dirt, until the water floats on top of the dirt [from Bet Kerem] and we estimate them as turbid, but we don’t estimate them as clear-flowing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
Like diluted wine: two parts water, one part wine, from wine of the Sharon. As we have learned on many occasions, in the Greco-Roman world, wine was drunk diluted with water. Typically, this consisted of two parts water, one part wine. Thus, this is the color of the diluted wine used as a reference point in the previous mishnah. The wine should be the wine from the Sharon, which is also in the northern part of Israel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
וכמזוג – how?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
שני חלקים מים ואחד יין מן היין השרוני – that comes from the land of Sharon, a place well-known place in the Land of Israel. Another explanation: wine that is made from the vines planted in the group of fields/plain and in the valley. It is the language of (Song of Songs 2:1): “A rose of Sharon.” But in this time, all that you see in a woman from the same place, is [ritually] impure, except from the white and the green. And from our days, we did not hear of he who declared pure any appearance of blood, other than only the white and the green of leeks.
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