Se uno si svuota di yilodim [connotando coloro che sono già nati], gli è permesso di noladim [connotando quelli che nasceranno.] Se si svuota di noladim, gli è proibito (anche) di yilodim. R. Meir consente anche yilodim. [La gemara spiega che manca qualcosa e che questo è ciò che si intende: se si svuota da Noladim, gli è proibito Yilodim. R. Meir dice: Anche a uno che si svuota da Noladim è permesso a Yilodim, così come a uno che si svia da Yilodim è permesso a Noladim.] E i saggi dicono: Questo (che ha fatto il voto) ha inteso solo coloro che procreano, [come uomini e animali, per escludere uccelli e pesci, che non procreano, ma che depongono le uova.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
מן שילודים – implying that they have already been born.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
This mishnah deals with someone who swore not to receive benefit either from those born or from those who are to be born.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
מן הנולדים – implying those who will in the future be born.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
One who vows [not to benefit] from those born may [benefit] from those to be born; from those to be born, he may not [benefit] from those born. Rabbi Meir permits [him to benefit] even from those to be born; But the Sages say: he meant all whose nature it is to be born. We will understand this mishnah better if we take note of the Hebrew. The word “those born” is “yilodim” and “those to be born” is “noladim”. The former term does not encompass the latter, and therefore, if one swears not to receive benefit from “yilodim” he may still receive benefit from those who are to be born, the “noladim”. However, the latter term does encompass the former, and therefore, one who swears not to receive benefit from “noladim” cannot benefit even from those who are already born. Rabbi Meir disagrees and holds that one who swears not to receive benefit from those who are to be born, the “noladim,” can receive benefit from those already born, the “yilodim”. To Rabbi Meir both terms are completely distinct. The Sages disagree. One who swears not to receive benefit from the “noladim” does not mean that he will not benefit from those who will be born, but rather from those whose nature it is to be born. This would encompass all of humanity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
מן הנולדים רבי מאיר מתיר אף בילודים (from those who are born) – In the Gemara (Tractate Nedarim 30b) it explains that the Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: [those who take a vow] from those who may be born thereafter, are prohibited to those who are already born. Rabbi Meier states, even those who make a vow [to be prohibited] from those who will be born thereafter are permitted to those who are [already] born, in order that one who takes a vow [to be prohibited from those who have been already been born are permitted to those who may be born thereafter.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אלא ממי שדרכו להוליד – as for example, humans and beasts, to exclude fowl and fish who do not give birth but rather lay eggs.
