Se uno ha assunto il naziritismo mentre era nel cimitero, anche se era lì per trenta giorni, non si contano al conteggio (del naziritismo) e non porta un'offerta per l'impurità. [Perché quell'offerta è prescritta per un nazirita che era pulito e divenne impuro. In ogni caso, se viene avvertito, riceve delle strisce.] Se usciva e rientrava, si accumulano nel conteggio e porta un'offerta di impurità. [La gemara spiega questa Mishnah in questo modo: se usciva dal cimitero, e veniva ammucchiato (con le acque purificanti) il terzo e il settimo giorno, e immerso, veniva purificato dalla sua impurità e iniziava a contare i giorni del suo naziritismo—anche se in seguito rientrò nel cimitero, in questi giorni che contava dopo essere diventato pulito gli si accumulano, poiché la pulizia è intervenuta tra i primi giorni in cui ha assunto il naziritismo nel cimitero e in questi ultimi giorni. E anche se è rientrato nel cimitero, l'impurità del cimitero non compensa il numero di giorni che ha contato nella pulizia. Perché solo le dodici varietà di impurità dichiarate rispetto al naziritismo compensano in questi giorni. Quanto a "e porta un'offerta di pulizia", questo è ciò che si intende: se divenne di nuovo impuro, con una delle impurità che fanno radere un nazirita, porta un'offerta di impurità e di compensazione (il conteggio). Dice R. Eliezer; Non nello stesso giorno, viene scritto (Numeri 6:12): "E i primi giorni cadranno"—ci devono essere "primi giorni". [Cioè, se il giorno in cui si è immerso e si è purificato, è diventato impuro con una delle impurità che fanno radere il nazirita, non compensa quel giorno, scrivendo: "E i primi giorni cadranno"—L'impurità non compensa fino a quando non sono stati contati due giorni di naziritismo. E lo stesso vale per un nazirita in generale, che divenne impuro il primo giorno del suo naziritismo—L'impurità non compensa quel giorno, ma lo include nel conteggio dei giorni del suo naziritismo. L'halachah è conforme a R. Eliezer.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
ואינו מביא קרבן טומאה – for as it is written a sacrifice for defilement, it is written for a pure Nazirite who was defiled; nevertheless, if he was warned about it, he is liable for whipping.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
Introduction
As we have already mentioned, if a nazirite becomes impure, he must bring a sacrifice and begin to recount his naziriteship. Our mishnah deals with a person who takes a nazirite vow while he is in a graveyard, a place of high impurity.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
יצא ונכנס עולין לו מן המנין – and he brings a sacrifice of defilement; but our Mishnah is explained in the Gemara (Tractate Nazir 19a) as follows: if he left the cemetery and sprinkled on the third and seventh days and immersed [in the Mikveh] and became purified from his defilement and he began to count the days of his Naziritieship, even though he went back and entered afterwards into the cemetery, they count for him from the number those days which he counted after he purified, for since his purification interrupted whether [we are dealing with] the first days that he was a Nazirite and he is in the cemetery, or whether [we are dealing with] the latter days and even though he returned and entered the cemetery, the defilement of the cemetery do not cause him to lose the number of the days that were counted while in a state of purity, for the Nazirite does not lose other the twelve days defilements that are mentioned regarding it. And that which is stated furthermore, and he brings a sacrifice of defilement, this is how it should be stated: if he was defiled again with one of the defilements that the Nazirite shaves and brings the sacrifice of defilement and he loses [those days].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
If one takes a nazirite vow while in a graveyard, then even if he remains there for thirty days, these do not count, and he does not have to bring the sacrifice [prescribed] for impurity. This person took a nazirite vow while standing in a place of impurity. Therefore he cannot even begin to count the days of his naziriteship. As long as he stays in the place of impurity he has not yet become a nazirite. Therefore, he also does not need to bring a sacrifice of impurity, which he would have been obligated for, had he been a nazirite and then became impure.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nazir
ר"א אומר לא בו ביום – meaning to say, if on that selfsame day that he immersed [in a Mikveh] and became pure, on that same day he became defiled with one of the defilements that [causes] the Nazirite to shave, he does not lose that same day, as it is written (Numbers 6:12): “The previous period shall be void [since his consecrated hair was defiled],” the defilement does not cause him to lose until he will have two days of Naziriteship counted and the same law applies with a Nazirite in general who was defiled on the first day of the count of his Naziriteship, for the defilement does not cause him loss of the that day, but rather completes for him the number of the days of his Naziriteship, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Eliezer.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nazir
If he leaves it and re-enters, [the period] counts, and he must bring the sacrifice [prescribed] for impurity. Rabbi Eliezer says: not [if he re-enters] on the same day, for it says, “But the former days shall be void,” (Numbers 6:12) until there are former days. However, if he leaves the graveyard, and then becomes pure (which takes seven days) he now begins to count the days of naziriteship. If after he leaves he re-enters the graveyard, he is now a nazirite who has become impure and is obligated to bring the requisite sacrifices. Rabbi Eliezer holds that if he returns to the graveyard (or is otherwise made impure) the same day that he began to count his naziriteship, the day is not lost and he does not bring impurity sacrifices. After he becomes pure, he goes on counting from where he left off. This halakhah is derived by means of a midrash on the word “days”. In order to void that part of the naziriteship which was previously observed, there must have been full days which were observed.
