Commento su Menahot 13:6
הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה, יָבִיא כֶבֶשׂ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אוֹ תוֹר אוֹ בֶן יוֹנָה. פֵּרַשְׁתִּי מִן הַבָּקָר וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, יָבִיא פַר וָעֵגֶל. מִן הַבְּהֵמָה וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, יָבִיא פָר וָעֵגֶל אַיִל גְּדִי וְטָלֶה. פֵּרַשְׁתִּי וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ מַה פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, מוֹסִיף עֲלֵיהֶם תּוֹר וּבֶן יוֹנָה:
"Mi prendo un olah " - deve portare un agnello. Il rabbino Elazar ben Azaryah dice: o una tortora o un giovane piccione. "Ho specificato [ un'offerta olah ] di bestiame, ma non so cosa ho specificato", deve portare un toro e un vitello. "[Ho specificato un'offerta ; olah ] delle bestie [addomesticate], ma non so cosa ho specificato", deve portare un toro, un vitello, un montone, una capra, un bambino e un agnello. "Ho specificato [un olah ], ma non so cosa ho specificato", deve aggiungere a questi una tortora e un giovane piccione.
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
הרי עלי עולה יביא כבש. ר' אלעזר בן עזריה אומר או תור או בן יונה – in the place of the first Tanna/teacher (i.e., anonymous teacher), he would not call a mere burnt offering anything other than a burnt offering of cattle, and the least that is of the burnt offering of cattle is a lamb, therefore he would bring a lamb. But in the place of Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah they would call a mere burnt offering also for the burnt offering of birds, therefore, he would bring a turtle dove or a pigeon. And the [one] Master according to his place and the [other] Master according to his place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
Introduction
Today’s mishnah deals with a person who pledges to bring an olah, a wholly burnt offering, but does not clarify what type of animal he wishes to bring. The laws of the olah are found in Leviticus 1.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
יביא פר ועגל – male [bulls and calves] but not females, for a burnt offering is not furnished other than with males. But our Mishnah is [according to] Rabbi [Judah the Prince] who states further on (see the conclusion of Tractate Menahot, Chapter 12, Mishnah 8) that a person who vows a free-will offering of a small animal and he brings a large one has not fulfilled his religious obligation. But the Rabbis dispute him and state that one who vows a free-will offering and he brought a large one has fulfilled his religious obligation, for there is within the general category of that which is numerous that which is small in size. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
[If one said,] “I take upon myself to offer an olah,” he must bring a lamb. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah say: [he may bring] a turtle-dove or a young pigeon. According to the first opinion in this section, if a person offers to bring an olah he must bring at minimum a lamb, which is the lowest level of olah that comes from a beast (a behemah). This opinion assumes that when he stated that he wished to bring an olah, he must have had a behemah in mind. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah believes that it is also possible that he had a bird olah in mind (see Leviticus 1:14ff). Therefore, he can bring a bird, either a turtle-dove (and a partridge in a pear tree, I can’t help it!) or a young pigeon, both of which are valid for bird olahs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
פירשתי – one of the sacrifices of cattle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
[If he said,] “I specified a beast of the herd but I do not know what it was I specified,” he must bring a bull and a calf. In this case he knows that he specified a herd animal (and not a flock animal) but he is not sure which animal specified. Therefore he must bring both a bull (an adult of two or three years) and a calf (one year old). He can’t just bring one lest he volunteered to bring the other and he wouldn’t fulfill his obligation by bringing the other one. Note that he need not bring female animals because only male animals may be offered as an olah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
ואיני יודע מאיזה מהן פירשתי – he should bring from all the kinds of male cattle, large and small, which are a bull, a calf, a ram, a goat, a kid and a lamb.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
[If he said, “I specified] a beast of the cattle but I do not know what it was I specified,” he must bring a bull, a bull calf, a ram, a he-goat, a he-kid, and a he-lamb. “Cattle” means in Hebrew domesticated animals. This is a broader category than “herd” because it includes flock animals. Therefore, it is possible that he pledged an animal either from the herd (bull or bull calf) or from the flock. These include the ram (two years old), the he-goat (two years old), a he-kid (one year old) or a he-lamb (one year old).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
פירשתי – [I explicitly mentioned] the species. But I don’t know what I mentioned specifically. Whether it is a species of cattle or a species of bird.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
[If he said,] “I specified [some kind] but I do not know what it was I specified,” he must add to these a turtle-dove and a young pigeon. If he has no idea what he pledged, then he must also bring bird offerings, both a turtle-dove and a pigeon. This poor shlepper is going to have to bring 8 animals! Let this be a warning if you pledge to bring an olah, try to remember what animal you pledged.
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