Commento su Makhshirin 6:7
אֵלּוּ לֹא מְטַמְּאִין וְלֹא מַכְשִׁירִין. הַזֵּעָה, וְהַלֵּחָה סְרוּחָה, וְהָרְאִי, וְהַדָּם הַיּוֹצֵא עִמָּהֶם, וּמַשְׁקֵה בֶן שְׁמֹנָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, חוּץ מִדָּמוֹ. וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה מֵי טְבֶרְיָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיּוֹצְאִין נְקִיִּים. דַּם שְׁחִיטָה בַּבְּהֵמָה, בַּחַיָּה וּבָעוֹפוֹת הַטְּמֵאִים, וְדַם הַקָּזָה לִרְפוּאָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא בָאֵלּוּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, חֲלֵב הַזָּכָר, טָהוֹר:
Quanto segue non impartisce impurità e non rende [il cibo] suscettibile all'impurità: sudore, pus, escrementi e sangue che ne esce e liquido [che esce da un bambino nato nel suo] ottavo [mese] . Rabbi Yose dice: Tranne il suo sangue. E [se] si beve acqua da Tiberiade anche se esce pulito. Il sangue [che emerge da] macellazione di un animale domestico non kasher, un animale selvatico non kasher, o uccelli non kasher, e sangue di salasso per la guarigione. Il rabbino Elazar ritiene questi impuri. Il rabbino Shimon ben Elazar dice: Il latte di un maschio è puro.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ואלו לא מטמאין – even if they departed/left from that which is impure as for example, from the man with a flux (i.e., gonorrhea) and similar to it, as it is written (Leviticus 15:2): "זובו טמא הוא"/”[when any man has] a discharge [from his member], he is impure” (Bartenura’s commentary writes: "בזובו טמא הוא" which does not exist in that form anywhere based upon my examination of a concordance), he and his discharge/flux are impure, but his sweat nor his ill-smelling moisture/secretion nor his excrement are impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
The following cause neither uncleanness nor susceptibility to uncleanness: These liquids don't cause either susceptibility or uncleanness. Some of them are still pretty yucky though.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
והליחה סרוחה – that exits from the abscess, and the same law applies with regard to spittle of an ill-smelling secretion/purulent substance [of a man].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Sweat, rotten secretion, excrement, blood issuing with any of these, liquid [issuing from a child born in the] eight month. Rabbi Yose says: except its blood. Rotten secretion is something like pus. Blood that comes out with pus or with excrement doesn't cause impurity or susceptibility. The rabbis considered a child born at 8 months to be one who would surely die. The child is in a sense considered dead even before he actually dies (remember they had no way to really care for such children). Liquid such as urine and spittle that comes from the child before he dies does not cause impurity or susceptibility, as it would for a viable child. Rabbi Yose says that the blood of such a child does cause impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
והראי – filthy matter/excrement, like והרעי/excrement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
[The discharge from the bowels of] one who drinks the water of Tiberias even though it comes out clean. I guess drinking the waters of Tiberias will make you sick. While the water causes susceptibility once it passes through a person's body and comes out the other end (not as urine) even if it simply passed right through him, it doesn't cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ודם היוצא עמהם – with the moisture/secretion and the excrement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Blood from the slaughtering of cattle and wild animals and birds that are unclean, and blood from bloodletting for healing. As we learned in mishnah five, only the blood from slaughtering a clean animal causes susceptibility. Also blood from a bloodletting that he wants to let another animal drink. If he is just bloodletting for healing then it doesn't cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ומשקה בן שמונה (and the liquid excreted with a stillborn child at eight months) – all the liquid that came out from the non-viable/premature birth of eight months, as for example, his blood, and his spittle and his urine, for a living eight-month-old baby is like a stone.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Eliezer declares these unclean. Rabbi Eliezer holds that all of these liquids do cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
חוץ מדמו – that defiles like the blood of a viable child. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: the milk of a male is clean. Evidently men can occasionally secrete small amounts of milk from their breasts. Rabbi Elazar says that such milk is pure it doesn't cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
אע"פ שיוצאים נקיים – that he discharges them [from his bowels] in the path of the privy that are clear like they were when he drank them, nevertheless they do not make susceptible [to receiving ritual impurity], for they exited through the privy.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ר' אלעזר מאמא באלו – for they are considered liquids, and defile and make susceptible [to receive ritual impurity]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
חלב הזכר טהור – for it is not considered liquid. And this is the Halakha.
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