Commento su Makhshirin 4:6
קֻפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה תֻרְמוֹסִין וּנְתָנוּהָ לְתוֹךְ מִקְוֶה, מוֹשִׁיט יָדוֹ וְנוֹטֵל תֻּרְמוֹסִין מִתּוֹכָהּ, וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. הֶעֱלָם מִן הַמַּיִם, הַנּוֹגְעִים בַּקֻּפָּה, טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתֻּרְמוֹסִים, טְהוֹרִים. צְנוֹן שֶׁבַּמְּעָרָה, נִדָּה מְדִיחָתוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר. הֶעֱלַתּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא מִן הַמַּיִם, טָמֵא:
[Se] un cesto pieno di lupini è stato messo in un Mikveh [bagno rituale] si può raggiungere la sua mano ed estrarre i lupini da esso [il cesto] e sono [rimanere] puri [cioè, non suscettibili all'impurità]. Se li ha sollevati [l'intero cesto] dall'acqua quelli che toccano il cesto sono impuri [soggetti a impurità] e tutto il resto dei lupini è puro. [Se] un ravanello si trova in una grotta, un Niddah [una donna che ha le mestruazioni ed è quindi impuro] può lavarlo e [rimane] puro. [Se] l'ha sollevato fuori dall'acqua, è impuro.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
והם טהורין – even though an impure person stretched forth his hand and took it (i.e., the lupines), because they were not made fit/susceptible [for ritual impurity] in the water of the ritual bath, as it is written (Leviticus 11:34): “[as to any liquid that may be drunk,] it shall be become impure if it was inside any vessel,” just as a designated vessel which is detached and it makes fit/susceptible [for ritual impurity], even anything that is detached makes it fit/susceptible [for ritual impurity], excluding water that are in the pits/cisterns, ditches and caves that are not detached from the ground that do not make susceptible/fit [for ritual impurity] when do not make susceptible/fit [for ritual impurity] all the while that they are not detached.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
A basket full of lupines placed in a mikveh, one may put out his hand and take lupines from it and they remain clean. In this case the basket was not put into the mikveh in order to rinse off the lupines. As long as the water in the mikveh remains connected to the mikveh it does not cause produce to become susceptible. And when he removes the lupines (a type of bean) he didn't want the water to come out with them (he didn't intend to rinse them off) so that water also does not cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
העלם מן המים (if he took them out of the water) – the lupines became fit/susceptible to receive ritual impurity in he detached waters.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
But if he lifted them out of the water, those that touch the basket are unclean, but the rest of the lupines are clean. However, if he lifts the basket out of the water then the water on the sides of the basket does cause impurity because this water is something he would have wanted it cleans the sides of the basket. Therefore, any lupines that touch the sides of the basket are susceptible. The rest of the lupines are still not susceptible because the water that touched them is not something he wanted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
הנוגעים בקופה טמאים – that the basket is made first-degree of ritual uncleanness when an impure person touched it/came in contact with it, and the lupines that touch the basket are second-degree of ritual impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
If there was a radish in a cavern, a niddah may rinse it and leave it clean. But if she lifted it, however little, out of the water, it becomes unclean. The water in the cavern is still in its source. Therefore it does not cause susceptibility. A niddah could put the radish in the water and it would remain clean. However, as soon as she removes it, even a little bit, the water causes the radish to be susceptible to impurity because the water has been removed from it source, and this was something the woman would have wanted (she put it in there to rinse it off). Thus we see the difference in this mishnah between intentionally washing off, such as the case of the radish, and unintentional washing off. Only in the first case does the water that clings to the produce cause susceptibility.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
ושאר כל הטורמסים – that do not touch the basket.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
טהורים – for something that is second degree of ritual impurity does not make non-holy produce third-degree of ritual impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
נדה מדיחתו (a menstruant rinses it off) – and it is not susceptible to receive ritual impurity in water that is attached to the cave.
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